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DMD 5244 (Immunity) > Lymphatic Anatomy (complete) > Flashcards

Lymphatic Anatomy (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph

A

the location in which you find it
plasma is in the cardiovascular system
interstitial fluid is outside of vessels in the interstitial space
lymph is inside the lymphatic system

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2
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels
lymphatic organs
lymphatic cells

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3
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. Return leaked plasma to the blood stream
  2. Screen lymph for foreign substances
  3. House lymphocytes
  4. transport dietary lipids
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4
Q

What is the order of flow of lymph from the interstitial space to its return into the bloodstream

A
  1. Lymph capillaries
  2. Lymph vessels
  3. Lymph nodes
  4. Lymphatic trunks
  5. Lymphatic ducts
  6. return to veins
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5
Q

Which do lymph vessels more closely resemble? arteries or veins

A

veins

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6
Q

how do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries

A
  1. they begin out of nowhere (blood capillaries come from arteries and then go to being veins)
  2. they have overlapping endothelial cells that form one way flaps
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7
Q

What is the main function of lymph capillaries

A

to pick up interstitial fluid

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8
Q

What are the special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine called

A

lacteals

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9
Q

what is the special function of lacteals

A

they pick up interstitial fluid as well as dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins

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10
Q

What do you call the lymph that is in lacteals

A

chyle

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11
Q

from where to lymph vessels get their lymph

A

from lymph capillaries

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12
Q

what do lymph vessels have that prevent backflow of lymph

A

valves

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13
Q

how do lymph vessels resemble veins

A
  1. they have valves preventing backflow
  2. they have low pressure
  3. they move lymph by muscle contraction
  4. they have three tunics
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14
Q

What are the three tunics of lymph vessels

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa
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15
Q

how do the tunics of the lymph vessels differ from those in veins

A

they are thinner and don’t have distinct borders

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16
Q

What are the two different types of lymph vessels

A

afferent

efferent

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17
Q

what is an afferent lymph vessel

A

a lymph vessel that delivers lymph to the lymph nodes

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18
Q

what is an efferent lymph vessel

A

a lymph vessel that takes lymph away from the lymph nodes

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19
Q

which should have cleaner lymph, afferent or efferent lymph vessels

A

efferent (because the lymph gets filtered in the lymph nodes)

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20
Q

lymph capillaries are found almost everywhere that you can find blood capillaries. what are the three locations where you don’t find capillaries.

A

Red bone marrow
CNS
avascular tissues

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21
Q

How many afferent vessels does a lymph node usually have leading up to it

A

many

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22
Q

how many efferent vessels does a lymph node have leaving it

A

one

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23
Q

What are the two main parts of a lymph node

A

the cortex and the medulla

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24
Q

what type of cells do you usually find in lymph nodes

A

macrophages
dendritic cells
lymphocytes

25
Q

what are the functions of the lymph nodes

A

screen lymph for foreign antigens

initiate an immune response

26
Q

Where are the greatest clusters of lymph nodes found

A

axillary (armpit)
cervical (neck)
inguinal (groin)
(where extremities attach to the truck)

27
Q

although the largest clusters of lymph nodes are found in the armpits, neck, and groin. where else can you find lymph nodes

A

they are scattered all throughout the body

28
Q

What is the largest lymph node in the body

A

the cisterna chyli

29
Q

The lymph from which part of the body will flow through the cisterna chyli

A

all of the lymph from the lower part of the body will

30
Q

What are the two lymphatic ducts

A

Thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct

31
Q

what part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain

A

the upper right quadrant of the body

32
Q

what part of the body does the thoracic duct drain

A

the lower half of the body, and the upper left quadrant of the body

33
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into

A

the right subclavian vein and the right internal jugular vein

34
Q

where does the thoracic duct empty into

A

the left subclavian vein and the left internal jugular vein

35
Q

What is lymphedema

A

edema (swelling due to fluid) caused by lymph node obstruction

36
Q

What are the three ways the you can obstruct your lymph nodes and get lymphedema

A
  1. lymphatic filaiasis (worms in the lymph nodes)
  2. removal of nodes/scar tissue
  3. malignant tumors of the nodes
37
Q

What is elephantitis

A

extreme and severe cases of lymphedema

38
Q

in what parts of the world is lymphedema most common

A

southeast asia and africa

39
Q

What can you do to cure lymphedema

A

it is not operable or curable

40
Q

What are lymph nodules

A

oval clusters of lymphatic tissue NOT surrounded by a connective tissue capsule

41
Q

What kind of cells do lymph nodules contain

A

macrophages
dendritic cells
lymphocytes

42
Q

what is the function of lymph nodules

A

screen for, and attack foreign antigens

43
Q

What are the two most prevalent types of lymph nodules

A

Tonsils

MALT

44
Q

What are tonsils

A

clusters of lymphatic nodules found in the oral cavity

45
Q

what is MALT

A

mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

lymphatic nodules found in the GI tract, respiratory tract, and genital and urinary tracts

46
Q

What are the organs of the lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes
thymus
spleen

47
Q

What is the structure of the lymphatic system organs

A

they are lymphatic tissue that is covered by a connective tissue capsule.
they have macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes

48
Q

What is the function of the thymus

A

site for the maturation of T-lymphocyte maturation

49
Q

What happens to the size of the thymus as you increase in age

A

it starts out really large in infants and young children and after puberty it shrinks

50
Q

how many lobes does the thymus have

A

2

51
Q

what are the parts of each lobe of the thymus

A

cortex and medulla

52
Q

what will you find in the cortex of the thymus

A

immature T-cells

53
Q

what will you find in the medulla of the thymus

A

mature T-cells

54
Q

What is the largest lymphatic organ

A

the spleen

55
Q

where in your body do you find your spleen

A

in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen

56
Q

What are the two kinds of tissue in the spleen

A

red pulp and white pulp

57
Q

what will you find in the white pulp of the spleen

A

lymphocytes and macrophages

58
Q

what is the function of the white pulp of the spleen

A

monitors blood for foreign antigens

initiates an immune response

59
Q

what is the function of the red pulp of the spleen

A

it is a blood reservoir
Hemolysis (phagocytosis of RBCs and platelets)
remove debris from blood

DMD 5244 (Immunity) (16 decks)

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