Immunopath of caries (complete) Flashcards
what is referred to as the mirror that reflects a persons health
the oral cavity
an ecological imbalance between the resident microbes and the hosts oral immunity leads to what
dental caries, periodontitis
what in the oral cavity drives the development of the oral adaptive immunity
the colonization of mucosal surface by commensals
what is the principal etiological agent of dental caries
S. Mutans
what is the national anticaries strategy
- combat the microbial agent
- increase tooth resistance
- modify diet
- deliver anticaries treatment to the public
what kind of acid is made from the commensal bacteria that will cause dental caries
lactic acid
how volatile is lactic acid
less volatile
does lactic acid chelate calcium
yes
what does the glucose polymers (glucans) made by commensals from sucrose via GTF enzyme do
facilitates bacterial adherence
what is the enzyme that helps make glucans for commensals
glucosyltransferase GTF
without it, the bacteria wont adhere to the mucus membrane
What group of S. mutans is mostly responsible for caries
S. mutans serotype C
besides S. Mutans, what other bacteria are involved in caries formation
Streptococcus sobrinus
lactobacillus species
actinomyces
what bacteria is associated with enamel caries
smooth parts - S. mutans, S. salivarius
pits and fissures - S. mutans, lactobacilli
what bacteria is associated with dentin caries
lactobacilli
what bacteria is associated with root caries
actinomyces
what causes fermentation, and what does fermentation cause
it is caused by bacteria that use sugars, and give off lactic acid. fermentation leads to lactic acid creation, and a decrease in oral pH
what is special about the sugars that S. Mutans can ferment
it is the only bacteria in the mouth that ferments mannitol, and sorbitol. and it ferments glucose better than any other bacteria
S. mutans makes dextran, what is it and what does it do
it is long strand polymers of sucrose with many arms that form a sticky gelatinous substrate. it traps bacteria and allows it to attach to tooth surfaces
what is the surface antigen of S. mutans that allows it to stick to the teeth
SA I/II
what part of S. mutans is immunologically like dextranase
SA I/II
what are the relevant serotype of S, Mutans in humans
C, E, F (S. mutans)
D, G, H (S. sobrinus)
what do the polysaccharide-type antigens bind to the cell surface
GTF (glucosyltransferase)
what is proposed as an antigen in a target for caries vaccination
GTF
if you have Abs against serotype-carb Ags, what will happen
the GTF will be prevented from binding to the cell, and that will prohibit caries formation
at birth what are sIgA levels like
no sIgA in saliva
for predentate infants, what Abs do patients have against S. Mutans
none
when do kids finally get Abs against S. mutans
at 1 year
why do the current levels of Ab not correlate to number of caries
because the caries could have started a long time prior to Ab sampling
Is IgA deficiency associated with dental caries
yes
what effect does PsIgA have against S. mutans
it works against Ag I/II andblocks S. mutans from adhering, which leads to caries resistance
what bacteria causes RSC (root surface caries)
actinomyces, S. mutans, and lactobacillis
what is the best immune response for RSC (root surface caries)
the complement-IgG-PMN axis
what is the goal of vaccinations for caries prevention
- prevent attachment
- reduce in number of pathogen
- interfere with its metabolic activity
what is the problem that comes with creating a vaccine that targets S. mutans Ag
the S. mutans Ag is cross reactive with S. pyogenes (this would create autoreactive T-cells that attack the heart and kindeys)
what is a possible disease/pathology that could be created by doing vaccination against S. mutans Ag
rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
