Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DMD 5244 (Immunity) > Adaptive immunity Antibodies (complete) > Flashcards

Adaptive immunity Antibodies (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is passive immunity

A

the passing of immunity (through Antibodies and B cells) from one person/organism to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does immunogenicity refer to

A

a molecules ability to induce an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does antigenicity refer to

A

the ability to react specifically with the products of an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

immunity that is mediated by antibodies (macromolecules) and B-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does foreigness correlate with immunogenicity

A

the more foreign, the more immunogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are haptens

A

small molecules that illicit an immune response, only when paired to a large carrier, even if the carrier doesn’t illicit an immune response on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is neutralization by antibodies

A

the binding of antibodies to viruses, bacteria and toxins and the consequential prevention of their attachment to host cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is avidity

A

the overall strength of association of a multivalent antibody and a multivalent antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is affinity

A

The strength of association between 1 epitope/paratope only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which is a better measure of how antibodies act with antigens? avidity, or affinity?

A

avidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do you find antibodies in circulation

A

in the y-globulin fraction of serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antibodies are glycoprotiens. T or F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the basic parts of antibodies

A

2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of bonds hold the heavy and light chains of antibodies together

A

disulfide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

both heavy and light chains have homologous domains that have disulfide riveted loops. how many domains do light chains have, and how many domains do heavy chains have

A

light chains have 2 domains

heavy chains have 5 domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many of the heavy chains 5 domains are variable

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how many of the light chains 2 domains are variable

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the singular variable domains of the heavy and lights chains used for

A

antigen binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the constant domains of the heavy and light chains used for

A

biological activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

for each antibody, how many antigen binding sites do you have

A

2 (made by the variable domains of each pair of heavy and light chains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do you find the hypervariable regions of antibodies

A

in the antigen binding pocket (on the variable domains)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which two classes of Antibodies are polymers

A

IgA and IgM

23
Q

which two classes of Antibodies have J chains

A

IgA and IgM (the polymers)

24
Q

which two classes of antibodies have an extra constant domain

A

IgM and IgE

25
Q

which two classes of antibodies have subclasses

A

IgA and IgG

26
Q

What are the main functions of IgM

A

neutralization
complement activation
antigen trapping
antigen receptor of Naive and some memory B-cells

27
Q

What are the main functions of IgG

A 
neutralization
complement activation
induction of phagocytosis
ADCC
transfer of adaptive immunity to offspring
regulation of antibody production
28
Q

what are the main functions of IgA

A

neutralization
protection of mucosa
induction of phagocytosis
protection of newborn mucosa via milk

29
Q

what are the main functions of IgE

A

activation of mast cells and basophils to promote barrier immunity

30
Q

what is the main function of IgD

A

antigen receptor on Naive follicular B cells

31
Q

Which is the first antibody made, and has paratopes with lower affinity

A

IgM

32
Q

what is the main class of antibodies in the blood and tissues

A

IgG

33
Q

which antibody is involved in allergies

A

IgE

34
Q

which antibody is found as a BCR (B-cell Receptor) and has no effector properties

A

IgD

35
Q

how do polymeric IgA (and to a lesser extent polymeric IgM) get from the basal side of an epithelial cell to the lumen on the other side of the cell

A

they bind a polymeric Ig receptor on the basal side of the epithelial cell, this transports it through a vesicle and to the luminal side of the cell. Then proteases cleave the polymeric Ig receptor (most of it stays with the IgA) and the polymeric IgA is now in the lumen

36
Q

what is the portion of the polymeric Ig receptor that is left with the polymeric IgA in the lumen called

A

the secretory component

37
Q

what are the two main functions of the secretory component on the polymeric IgA (IgM) in the lumen

A

protect it from proteases

binds to mucus to localize the antibody

38
Q

what does FcRn do to IgG (similar to what a polymeric Ig receptor does to polymetric IgA in epithelial cells)

A

it transports IgG across the placenta into the fetus

39
Q

for newborns, what are the levels of antibodies

A
  1. high IgG
  2. low/medium IgM
  3. Low IgA
40
Q

how does IgG activate complement

A

C1q of complement binds a cluster of IgG, this binding distorts C1q, which activates C1r and C1s (those cleave C4 and C2)

41
Q

how does IgM activate complement

A

the same way as IgG EXCEPT that the C1q just binds to one IgM (polymer). this distorts C1q, activates C1s and C1r. those cleave C4 and C2

42
Q

what is the function of Fc receptors

A

they bind the back side on antibodies (the opposite side of the antigen binding site)

43
Q

on which types of cells do you find Fc receptors

A 
macrophages
neutrophils
mast cells
basophils
eosinophils
NK cells
44
Q

what does binding of an antibody (attached to an antigen) to the Fc receptor of macrophages and neutrophils cause them to do

A

activate phagocytosis and respiratory burst

45
Q

what does binding of an antibody (attached to an antigen) to the Fc receptor of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils cause them to do

A

release their granules

46
Q

what does binding of an antibody (attached to an antigen) to the Fc receptor of NK cells cause them to do

A

deliver perforin/granzyme hit (ADCC)

47
Q

what is ADCC

A

antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (the delivery of perforin/granzyme hit from NK cells that have binded antibodies to their Fc receptor)

48
Q

how does streptococci prevent the usage of Fc cells

A

it makes IgA-binding proteins that block the ability of IgA to bind to the Fc receptors of phagocytes

49
Q

how does staphylococcus aureus prevent the usage of Fc cells.

A

it makes a protein that binds to the Fc end of IgG and prevents IgG binding to Fc receptors of phagocytes

50
Q

which types of IgG are neutralizing antibodies? and what does that mean

A

IgG2 and IgG4.

netralizing means that they don’t activate complement or bind to most Fc receptors, they just neutralize the pathogen

51
Q

which types of IgG activate complement and bind to most Fc receptors (thus causing phagocytosis and inflammation)

A

IgG1 and IgG3

52
Q

which types of IgG cause a Th1 response

A

IgG1 and IgG3

53
Q

what are monoclonal antibodies for

A

they are antibodies that are made outside of the organism in which they are used as a means of treating a disease or infection

DMD 5244 (Immunity) (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions