Acquired immunity IV immunizations (complete)

Question 1

What are the 4 types of acquired immunity

Answer 1

Naturally acquired active
naturally acquired passive
artificially acquired active
artificially acquired passive

Question 2

What is a naturally acquired immunity

Answer 2

an immune response against antigens encountered in daily life

Question 3

what is an artificially acquired immunity

Answer 3

an immune response against antigens introduced via medical intervention

Question 4

what is active immunity

Answer 4

the products of immunity are made by the individual (antibodies and such)

Question 5

what is passive immunity

Answer 5

passively receiving antibodies made by another individual

Question 6

what is an example of natural passive immunity

Answer 6

antibodies transferred from mother to offspring across the placenta or in the breastmilk

Question 7

are vaccines effective?

Answer 7

yes, very

Question 8

when do you use artificial passive immunity

Answer 8

to protect against a recent infection
when there is a life threatening exposure
immune deficiency

Question 9

what are some problems with antiserum

Answer 9

1. too many different antigens, not just those of interest
2. can lead to allergic reactions
3. antiserum may have viral contaminants
4. the antibodies are quickly degraded

Question 10

what type of hypersensitivities can be caused by passive immunization

Answer 10

type 1 and type 3

Question 11

why do we do active immunizations

Answer 11

to induce immunity and memory

Question 12

What are the pros of live, attenuated vaccines (weakened pathogens)

Answer 12

they retain their ability to replicate which promotes humoral and cell mediated immunity
often don’t need boosters

Question 13

what are the cons of live, attenuated vaccines (weakened pathoges)

Answer 13

may become pathogenic again
may have more side effect complications
may require a cold chain

Question 14

what are the pros of inactivated or killed vaccines

Answer 14

no reversion to pathogenic form

more stable, easier to store and transport

Question 15

what are the cons of inactivated or killed vaccines

Answer 15

often require boosters
they don’t replicate so they don’t induce cell-mediated immunity
dangerous in not all the pathogen is killed/inactivated

Question 16

what are subunit vaccines

Answer 16

purified macromolecules derived from the pathogen (similar to killed vaccines)

Question 17

What are recombinant vector vaccines

Answer 17

attenuated pathogens are used, and they are put into a vector

Question 18

what are the pros of vector vaccines

Answer 18

all the pros of attenuated vaccines, without the risk of it becoming pathogenic (does have the other cons - stability issues)

Question 19

what are DNA vaccines

Answer 19

plasmids with pathogen genes injected into muscle tissue, the host takes up the DNA and expresses it internally

Question 20

what are the pros of DNA vaccines

Answer 20

induces both types of adaptive immunity
prolongs expression and memory
very stable and customizable

(no known cons yet)

Question 21

what are conjugate or multivalent vaccines

Answer 21

the pairing of your antigen of interest with something that illicits a good immune response. (this leads to a better immunogenicity)

Question 22

what are ISCOMs

Answer 22

immunostimulating complexes, they are lipid carriers that help transport your antigen of interest into the cell to bind to MHC 1 receptors.

Question 23

what are adjuvants

Answer 23

things you add to your antigen to increase the immune response against it

Question 24

some examples of adjuvants

Answer 24

Alum
MF59
ASO4
Quil A