Lymphatic Flashcards
What is the function of primary and secondary lymphoid organs?
primary: where lymphocytes mature/grow, secondary: where lymphocytes are cloned and activated
What are the characteristics of lymphatic capillaries?
originate from pockets, one-way valve, “flaps”
What two veins form the thoracic trunk?
Superficial + deep veins
What are the 2 ducts and where do they receive blood from?
Right lymphatic - right side of the body above chest + right arm,
Thoracic - rest of body
What is lymphedema?
blockage of lymph drainage
What are the three kinds of lymphocytes and what do they do?
T - cell-mediated, B: antibody-mediated, NK - immune surveillance
Where and which cells do they develop?
Red bone marrow - B + NK cells, Thymus - T cells (leave marrow to thymus)
What is the selection process for lymphocytes?
only 2% of lymphocytes go into bloodstream, rest die
What are the 5 tonsils?
adenoid, pair of palatine, pair of lingual
What does MALT do?
protect multiple tracts (respiratory, reproductive, digestive, etc.)
What are the 3 lymph organs?
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
Where are lymph nodes located?
groin, armpits, neck
What are some parts of the lymph nodes?
hilum, afferent + efferent lymphatics
Where does lymph flow?
subcapsular space → outer cortex → deep cortex → medulla → efferent lymphatic
What is the purpose of dendritic cells?
They start the immune response
What are the characteristics of the thymus?
2 lobules, packed outer cortex + medulla
What is the function of the spleen?
remove abnormal cells, store iron, start immune response
What is white and red pulp made of?
white - macrophages + dendritic cells, red - lymphocytes
What are the different parts of the innate (non-specific) defense?
Physical barriers, Phagocytes, Immune Surveillance, Inflammation, Fever
What are the 3 types of interferons?
Beta, Alpha, Gamma
Describe the complement system
2 pathways: classical + alternative. classical faster and more effective
What are mast cells used for?
to release hormones that increase blood to capillaries and cause pain
What’s the difference between active and passive immunity?
active - body produces it on its own, passive - gets antibodies from somewhere else
What are the 4 properties of Adaptive defense?
Specificity, Versatility, Memory, Tolerance
Why is having tolerance in an adaptive defense important?
It helps the body produce antibodies and kill the antigens quicker and more efficiently the next time you face it again
Why is versatility important for our adaptive defense?
It makes sure we have all kinds of antibodies to prepare for any kind of antigen
What are the different kinds of T cells?
Cytokine, Memory, Helper, Suppressor
What is the function of helper T cells?
help activate b and cytotoxic cells
What are MHC proteins and how are they separated?
glycoprotein to help t cells identify an antigen, 2 classes: Class 1 + 2
What’s the second binding cell that makes sure the cell isn’t our own bodies?
Costimulation
What is sensitization?
The activation of B cells
What is the shape of an antibody?
Y-shape
Where do antibodies bind to antigens?
epitopes/antigenic determinant sites
What are immunoglobulins?
the (5) different kinds of antibodies
What are the 7 ways of eliminating an antigen?
Neutralization, Precipitation/Agglutination, Phagocytes, Preventing Adhesion, Complement system, Opsonization, Inflammation
What is Opsonization (eliminating an antigen)?
It marks a cell for phagocytosis
What is precipitation/agglutination?
It’s when an antibody can bind to more than one antigen
What are the primary and secondary responses to antigens?
Primary - antibody titer (amount of antibodies in plasma) is lower
Secondary - antibodies are more destructive and faster
What is an autoimmune disorder?
When your body targets your own cells
What is autoantibodies?
When antibodies are created for your own body
What are 2 systems (other than lymphatic + immune) that can affect your immune response?
Nervous and endocrine systems influence the immune response
Where is the thymus located?
In the chest, behind the sternum
What is apoptosis?
programmed death of a cell
