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Micro > Lymph System > Flashcards

Lymph System Flashcards

1
Q

Allostasis

A

The ability to maintain in an ever changing environment

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2
Q

Pathology versus etiology

A

Pathology: science of disease
Etiology: cause of disease

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3
Q

Pathogenesis versus pathophysiology

A

Pathogenesi: development of disease
Pathophysiology : functional impact of disease

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4
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of disease

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5
Q

Virulence

A

Extent of disease

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6
Q

Colonization

A

Establishment of bacteria residence without disease
-normal microbiota/flora
-Transient microbiota

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7
Q

Normal flora

A

Prevent overgrowth of pathogens
-Microbial antagonism/competitive exclusion

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8
Q

Symbiosis versus mutualism, Puritanism, opportunism

A

Symbiosis: one organism benefits
Mutualism : both benefit
Parasitism: one benefits from the other
Opportunism : pathogenic when possible

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9
Q

The triad

A

External agent, susceptible host, environment with host, an agent together

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10
Q

Symptoms versus signs

A

Symptoms: apparent to patient only
Signs : visible changes in the body function

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11
Q

Syndromes

A

Multiple signs and symptoms

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12
Q

Isolation versus quarantine

A

Isolation: cases/ signs
Quarantine : suspects/symptoms

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13
Q

Incidents versus prevalence

A

Incidence: new/year
Prevalence : new and old each year

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14
Q

Frequency

A

Sporadic/endemic

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15
Q

Population spectrum

A

Outbreak/cluster, epidemic, pandemic

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16
Q

Time and severity spectrum

A

Acute, subacute, chronic, latent

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17
Q

A host

A

Local, systemic , focal

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18
Q

Sepsis

A

Toxic information as a result of bacteria viruses toxemia

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19
Q

Disease

A

-Incubation. Period.
-Prodomal period
-illness
-period of decline
-Convalescence

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20
Q

Portals of entry

A

-mucous membranes
-skin
-Parenteral route

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21
Q

Adherence

A

-glycocalyx
-fimbriae, M-protein, Opa protein, tapered end

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22
Q

Penetration

A

-Enzymatic entry post adherence
-Coagulase, kinesis, hyaluronidases, collagenasis, proteases

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23
Q

Toxic pathogenicity

A

Substances that contribute to pathogens

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24
Q

Toxigenic

A

Ability to produce a toxin

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25
Q

Toxemia

A

Presence of a toxin in the hosts , blood

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26
Q

Toxoid

A

And activated toxin used in the vaccine

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27
Q

Antitoxin

A

Antibodies against a specific tocsin

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28
Q

Enroll exp– toxin

A

Contain versus secreted

29
Q

Portals of exit

A

-respiratory tract: coughing, sneezing
-Gastrointestinal tract: feces, saliva
-Genitourinary tract: Uraine, vaginal secretions
-Skin and blood

30
Q

Basic resistance

A

-speciation an overlap
-non-specific

31
Q

Innate immunity

A

-barriers
-prenatal inheritance
-non-specific

32
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Adaptive in specific

33
Q

Physical barrier

A

Epidermal layering

34
Q

Barrier of cells

A

Stratified, squamous and sloughing epidermidis

35
Q

Dendrite cells

A

Phagocytic cells
-Nonspecific defense

36
Q

Dermal layering

A

Collagen elasticity

37
Q

Salt

A

Hypertonic environment that leads to Crenation

38
Q

Lysozyme

A

Cell wall inhibiting enzyme

39
Q

Sebum

A

Acidic soil

40
Q

Goblet cells

A

Secrete mucin

41
Q

Tears

A

Glance, ducts, canals

42
Q

Plasma

A

Iron binding, proteins, antibodies

43
Q

Protein content

A
44
Q

Transfering

A

Bloodstream collator, enclocystosell by cells

45
Q

Lactoferrin

A

Transfering is greater

46
Q

Neutrophils and eosinophils

A
  • phagocystize pathogens
    -Capable of emigration
    -Basophils: diabetic(trigger inflammation)
47
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Chemotaxis: cell motility
, adherence
, ingestion,
maturation, : fuse with lysosomes
kilian,
elimination: exocytosis

48
Q

Interferons

A

Cytokines proteins
-Cell communication that triggers immune system
-Types;
1: early triggers
2: lake triggers

49
Q

Complementary

A

-lysis of foreign cells
-Triggers opsonization of pathogen coding
-Activated by classic alternative or lectin pathways

50
Q

Classical pathway

A

-requires antibodies as triggers
-Produces enzymes, signals, inflammation an optimizers
-Trigger membrane attack complex

51
Q

Alternative pathway

A

-antibody independent
-Produce multiple cleavage products assemble into enzymes
-Rapid response

52
Q

Lectin pathway

A

-Lectin independen
-Lectin binder to Mannose
-Rare in humans and abundant in bacteria
-produces classical pathway

53
Q

Inflammation

A

-Acute and chronic
-Results in dilation of blood vessels
-Migration of phagocytes and tissue repair

54
Q

Vasodilation

A

-Histamine
-Macrophage
-Basophils
-Clotting

55
Q

Healing

A

Mitosis post damage

56
Q

Hot crisis

A

Any temp over 37°C

57
Q

Immunity

A

Ability to resist, pathogens/infection, disease

58
Q

Resistance

A

Ward off disease

59
Q

Resistant types

A

-non-specific: variety
-Specific: specific response

60
Q

What do you lymphocytes do?

A

Identify, attack, and develop immunity to specific pathogen’s
-They arise, when nonspecific defense failed to contain the pathogen

61
Q

Nonspecific defenses

A

-Block or attack any potential infectious organisms
-Can’t distinguish different attacks
-Skin barriers

62
Q

Antigens

A

Targets and identifies any pathogenic substance

63
Q

Antibodies

A

Buds to specific target antigens that initiates antibody mediated immunity

64
Q

B cells

A

Produce antibodies

65
Q

T cells versus cytokines

A

-T cells: kill cells, or pathogens, regulate immunity system
-Cytokines: protein, hormone, regulates, normal cells

66
Q

Types of antibodies

A

-active: make own antibodies
-passive: receive antibodies from someone else
-natural: build on antibodies” just happens”
-artificial: vaccine

67
Q

What becomes memory cells?

A

Cells
-Also make antibodies

68
Q

Memory cells

A

Past antigen account or is it allowed faster and more powerful response if seem, antigen appears again

Micro (8 decks)

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