Lymph System Flashcards
Allostasis
The ability to maintain in an ever changing environment
Pathology versus etiology
Pathology: science of disease
Etiology: cause of disease
Pathogenesis versus pathophysiology
Pathogenesi: development of disease
Pathophysiology : functional impact of disease
Pathogenicity
Ability of disease
Virulence
Extent of disease
Colonization
Establishment of bacteria residence without disease
-normal microbiota/flora
-Transient microbiota
Normal flora
Prevent overgrowth of pathogens
-Microbial antagonism/competitive exclusion
Symbiosis versus mutualism, Puritanism, opportunism
Symbiosis: one organism benefits
Mutualism : both benefit
Parasitism: one benefits from the other
Opportunism : pathogenic when possible
The triad
External agent, susceptible host, environment with host, an agent together
Symptoms versus signs
Symptoms: apparent to patient only
Signs : visible changes in the body function
Syndromes
Multiple signs and symptoms
Isolation versus quarantine
Isolation: cases/ signs
Quarantine : suspects/symptoms
Incidents versus prevalence
Incidence: new/year
Prevalence : new and old each year
Frequency
Sporadic/endemic
Population spectrum
Outbreak/cluster, epidemic, pandemic
Time and severity spectrum
Acute, subacute, chronic, latent
A host
Local, systemic , focal
Sepsis
Toxic information as a result of bacteria viruses toxemia
Disease
-Incubation. Period.
-Prodomal period
-illness
-period of decline
-Convalescence
Portals of entry
-mucous membranes
-skin
-Parenteral route
Adherence
-glycocalyx
-fimbriae, M-protein, Opa protein, tapered end
Penetration
-Enzymatic entry post adherence
-Coagulase, kinesis, hyaluronidases, collagenasis, proteases
Toxic pathogenicity
Substances that contribute to pathogens
Toxigenic
Ability to produce a toxin
Toxemia
Presence of a toxin in the hosts , blood
Toxoid
And activated toxin used in the vaccine
Antitoxin
Antibodies against a specific tocsin
Enroll exp– toxin
Contain versus secreted
Portals of exit
-respiratory tract: coughing, sneezing
-Gastrointestinal tract: feces, saliva
-Genitourinary tract: Uraine, vaginal secretions
-Skin and blood
Basic resistance
-speciation an overlap
-non-specific
Innate immunity
-barriers
-prenatal inheritance
-non-specific
Acquired immunity
Adaptive in specific
Physical barrier
Epidermal layering
Barrier of cells
Stratified, squamous and sloughing epidermidis
Dendrite cells
Phagocytic cells
-Nonspecific defense
Dermal layering
Collagen elasticity
Salt
Hypertonic environment that leads to Crenation
Lysozyme
Cell wall inhibiting enzyme
Sebum
Acidic soil
Goblet cells
Secrete mucin
Tears
Glance, ducts, canals
Plasma
Iron binding, proteins, antibodies
Protein content
Transfering
Bloodstream collator, enclocystosell by cells
Lactoferrin
Transfering is greater
Neutrophils and eosinophils
- phagocystize pathogens
-Capable of emigration
-Basophils: diabetic(trigger inflammation)
Phagocytosis
Chemotaxis: cell motility
, adherence
, ingestion,
maturation, : fuse with lysosomes
kilian,
elimination: exocytosis
Interferons
Cytokines proteins
-Cell communication that triggers immune system
-Types;
1: early triggers
2: lake triggers
Complementary
-lysis of foreign cells
-Triggers opsonization of pathogen coding
-Activated by classic alternative or lectin pathways
Classical pathway
-requires antibodies as triggers
-Produces enzymes, signals, inflammation an optimizers
-Trigger membrane attack complex
Alternative pathway
-antibody independent
-Produce multiple cleavage products assemble into enzymes
-Rapid response
Lectin pathway
-Lectin independen
-Lectin binder to Mannose
-Rare in humans and abundant in bacteria
-produces classical pathway
Inflammation
-Acute and chronic
-Results in dilation of blood vessels
-Migration of phagocytes and tissue repair
Vasodilation
-Histamine
-Macrophage
-Basophils
-Clotting
Healing
Mitosis post damage
Hot crisis
Any temp over 37°C
Immunity
Ability to resist, pathogens/infection, disease
Resistance
Ward off disease
Resistant types
-non-specific: variety
-Specific: specific response
What do you lymphocytes do?
Identify, attack, and develop immunity to specific pathogen’s
-They arise, when nonspecific defense failed to contain the pathogen
Nonspecific defenses
-Block or attack any potential infectious organisms
-Can’t distinguish different attacks
-Skin barriers
Antigens
Targets and identifies any pathogenic substance
Antibodies
Buds to specific target antigens that initiates antibody mediated immunity
B cells
Produce antibodies
T cells versus cytokines
-T cells: kill cells, or pathogens, regulate immunity system
-Cytokines: protein, hormone, regulates, normal cells
Types of antibodies
-active: make own antibodies
-passive: receive antibodies from someone else
-natural: build on antibodies” just happens”
-artificial: vaccine
What becomes memory cells?
Cells
-Also make antibodies
Memory cells
Past antigen account or is it allowed faster and more powerful response if seem, antigen appears again
