Ch 3: Cell Structure Flashcards
Cell theory
-all living things are made of cells
-All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Definition of cells
Building blocks of living things
-Surrounded by plasma membrane
-Self sustained
Definition of plasma membrane
Semi permeable that surrounds selling most organelles
-Made up of phospholipids
-Separate living parts of cell from outside environment
-Regulate transport of molecules
Molecule, transport systems
Passive transport and active transport
Passive transport
(up)-(down)
-Diffusion
-Osmosis
-Facilitated diffusion
-Goes with material
Active transport
(down)-(up)
-Direct
-Indirect
-Large scale transport (ATP)
-Goes against material
Isotonic
Same concentration inside and out
Hypotonic (cytolysis)
Outside concentration is lower than inside
Hypertonic (crenation)
Outside concentration is higher than inside
Exocytosis
Reversing endocytosis to remove waste products from cells
Endocytosis
-Also called phagocytosis
-Cell wraps the plasma membrane around an object and engulfs it
Pinocytosis
Cells take in water with dissolved nutrients into vesicles
Dynamic equilibrium
Molecules are still moving in both directions, but the net movement is zero
Definition of diffusion
Movement of molecules across plasma membranes from (up) to (down) to establish dynamic equilibrium
-No energy required
Definition of osmosis
Diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane from (down) to (up) for dynamic equilibrium
-No energy required
Types of cells (morphology)
-Kingdoms
-Prokaryotes
-Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells
Archaea and bacteria
-No nucleus
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria
-Unicellular
-Limited organelles
-No membranes
-Contains ribosomes
Definition of Archaea
Ancient modern organisms that live in a hostile environment
Definition of bacteria
Living environments with humans
-Disease causes
Eukaryotic cells
-Animalia: no cell wall, heterotrophic
-Fungi: cell wall, heterotrophic
-Plantae: cell wall, autotrophic
-Protista: multicellular
Function of Nucleus
Stores, DNA and ribosomes
Cell membrane
Made up of phospholipids
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Smooth ER
Hormone and lipid synthesis, and break down
Rough ER
Make proteins
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and transports proteins
-Also adds carbohydrates
Lysosomes
Digest and recycle
Vacuoles
Stores water, nutrients, and waste
Cell wall
Protection and support
Mitochondria
Produces ATP
Chloroplasts
Found in plants
-Produces ATP
Cytoskeleton
Strong and flexible
-Helps cells move
Microtubules
Give structure to Cell’s
Cilia and flagella
To move things
Is a cell wall in all cells
False
Characteristics of cell walls
-cell envelope
-structure and shape
-Made of carbohydrates (sugars)
