Lungs and Pluera Flashcards
What is the name of the pleura that surrounds the lungs?
Visceral Pleura
True or False? The External intercostal muscles are used for expiration.
FALSE!!! They are used for Inspiration
“Don’t let your ex INSPIRE you”
Fill in the blank ‘ _______ are used for expiration ‘
Internal Intercostal muscles
What type of cells are found in pleura?
Squamous cells
What is Pleura?
It is a thin membrane of fibrous tissue surfaced by single layer of squamous cells (mesothelium)
At what location does the visceral pleura becomes continuous with mediastinal parietal pleura?
At the root of the lung
What are the subdivisions of Parietal Pleura?
Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Cervical pleura (cupula)
Which pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall?
Costal Pleura
What surface of the diaphragm does the diaphragmatic pleura line?
Posterior surface of the diaphragm
What structures does the Costal Pleura line?
Sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, intercostal muscles & membranes and sides of the vertebral bodies
What structure connects the diaphragm to the diaphragmatic pleura?
Phrenicopleural fascia
What are the two types of Pleural Recess?
Costomediastinal recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recesses
Where are the Costomediastinal recesses located?
They occur posterior to sternum where costal pleura meets mediastinal pleura
Where are the Costodiaphragmatic recesses located?
This is located in most inferior limits of parietal pleura where costal pleura meets diaphragmatic pleura
What is the limit of the Costodiaphragmatic Recess?
From 8th to 10th rib along mid-axillary line
What is the Endothoracic Fascia?
This is a small amount of connective tissue between thoracic wall and costal parietal pleura.
What is the function of the Endothoracic fascia?
It provides a cleavage plane for surgical separation of pleura from thoracic wall
Fill in the blank. “The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downward beyond the root of the lung as a fold called _______”
Pulmonary Ligament
Fill in the blank.” _________ supply the costovetebral pleura.
Intercostal nerves
What is the innervation of the Mediastinal pleura?
Phrenic Nerve
Fill in the blanks. “ The diaphragmatic Pleura is supplied by the ______ over the domes and by the _______ over the periphery.”
Phrenic nerve (domes)
Intercostal nerve ( Periphery)
What is the arterial supply of the Parietal pleura?
Intercostal
Internal thoracic
Musculophrenic arteries
From which embryologic layer, does the Parietal pleura develop from?
Somatopleural layer
From which embryologic layer, does the Visceral pleura develop from?
Splanchnopleural layer
What is the innervation for the visceral pleura?
Autonomic sympathetic & para sympathetic
[T2 - T5 & Vagus]
What are the surfaces of the lungs?
Costal, Mediastinal and Diaphragmatic
Which surface of the lungs shows the hilum and the pulmonary ligament?
Mediastinal
At which rib and costal cartilage is the Horizontal fissure associated with?
Fourth rib and fourth costal cartilage
Where is the Oblique(major fissure) located?
It is indicated by line joining spine of T3 to 6th rib
on midclavicular line.
Where is the cardiac notch on the left lung located?
On the anterior border
True or False? An oesophagus, SVC and arch of the azygous vein impression is present of the left lung?
FALSE!! It is present on the RIGHT LUNG
What impressions are on the left lung?
Cardiac impression
Arch or Aorta
Thoracic aorta impression
Fill in the blank.” Left pulmonary artery attached to undersurface of aortic arch by _______”
Ligamentum arteriosum
True or False? Right pulmonary artery, longer than left, passes below carina,posterior to oesophagus and at the lung root is inferior to right main bronchus.
FALSE!!! It passes below the carina, ANTERIOR to the oesophagus and ANTERIOR to the right main bronchus.
What are the three branches of arteries that come off the aortic arch?
Brachiocephallic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What does the veins of the right bronchus drain into?
Azygous vein
What does the veins of the left bronchus drain into?
Hemizygous veins
Which bronchus are foreign bodies most likely to enter after falling down the trachea?
RIGHT (right is more short &wide& vertical)
How many segmental bronchi / bronchopulmonary segments are there ?
10
What is the blood supply for alveoli ( except in oxygen)?
Pulmonary Artery
Fill in the blanks.” For bronchial arteries , there are two on the left which direct branches from ______ and one on the right coming from ________”
Left - Thoracic aorta
Right - Third right posterior intercostal artery
Where does the Parasympathetic supply of the lungs comes from?
The vagus nerve
( bronchoconstrictor, vasodilator & secretomotor)
Where does the Sympathetic supply for the lungs come from?
Upper thoracic ganglia
( bronchodilator & vasoconstrictor)
To what structure of the heart does a blood clot, fat or air bubble travel to in a pulmonary embolism?
Right atrium
At what location is a Thoracentesis done?
At the 9th ICS in the midaxillary line during expiration
