Lungs and Pluera

Question 1

What is the name of the pleura that surrounds the lungs?

Answer 1

Visceral Pleura

Question 2

True or False? The External intercostal muscles are used for expiration.

Answer 2

FALSE!!! They are used for Inspiration
“Don’t let your ex INSPIRE you”

Question 3

Fill in the blank ‘ _______ are used for expiration ‘

Answer 3

Internal Intercostal muscles

Question 4

What type of cells are found in pleura?

Answer 4

Squamous cells

Question 5

What is Pleura?

Answer 5

It is a thin membrane of fibrous tissue surfaced by single layer of squamous cells (mesothelium)

Question 6

At what location does the visceral pleura becomes continuous with mediastinal parietal pleura?

Answer 6

At the root of the lung

Question 7

What are the subdivisions of Parietal Pleura?

Answer 7

Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Cervical pleura (cupula)

Question 8

Which pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall?

Answer 8

Costal Pleura

Question 9

What surface of the diaphragm does the diaphragmatic pleura line?

Answer 9

Posterior surface of the diaphragm

Question 10

What structures does the Costal Pleura line?

Answer 10

Sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, intercostal muscles & membranes and sides of the vertebral bodies

Question 11

What structure connects the diaphragm to the diaphragmatic pleura?

Answer 11

Phrenicopleural fascia

Question 12

What are the two types of Pleural Recess?

Answer 12

Costomediastinal recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recesses

Question 13

Where are the Costomediastinal recesses located?

Answer 13

They occur posterior to sternum where costal pleura meets mediastinal pleura

Question 14

Where are the Costodiaphragmatic recesses located?

Answer 14

This is located in most inferior limits of parietal pleura where costal pleura meets diaphragmatic pleura

Question 15

What is the limit of the Costodiaphragmatic Recess?

Answer 15

From 8th to 10th rib along mid-axillary line

Question 16

What is the Endothoracic Fascia?

Answer 16

This is a small amount of connective tissue between thoracic wall and costal parietal pleura.

Question 17

What is the function of the Endothoracic fascia?

Answer 17

It provides a cleavage plane for surgical separation of pleura from thoracic wall

Question 18

Fill in the blank. “The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downward beyond the root of the lung as a fold called _______”

Answer 18

Pulmonary Ligament

Question 19

Fill in the blank.” _________ supply the costovetebral pleura.

Answer 19

Intercostal nerves

Question 20

What is the innervation of the Mediastinal pleura?

Answer 20

Phrenic Nerve

Question 21

Fill in the blanks. “ The diaphragmatic Pleura is supplied by the ______ over the domes and by the _______ over the periphery.”

Answer 21

Phrenic nerve (domes)
Intercostal nerve ( Periphery)

Question 22

What is the arterial supply of the Parietal pleura?

Answer 22

Intercostal
Internal thoracic
Musculophrenic arteries

Question 23

From which embryologic layer, does the Parietal pleura develop from?

Answer 23

Somatopleural layer

Question 24

From which embryologic layer, does the Visceral pleura develop from?

Answer 24

Splanchnopleural layer

Question 25

What is the innervation for the visceral pleura?

Answer 25

Autonomic sympathetic & para sympathetic [T2 - T5 & Vagus]

Question 26

What are the surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 26

Costal, Mediastinal and Diaphragmatic

Question 27

Which surface of the lungs shows the hilum and the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 27

Mediastinal

Question 28

At which rib and costal cartilage is the Horizontal fissure associated with?

Answer 28

Fourth rib and fourth costal cartilage

Question 29

Where is the Oblique(major fissure) located?

Answer 29

It is indicated by line joining spine of T3 to 6th rib on midclavicular line.

Question 30

Where is the cardiac notch on the left lung located?

Answer 30

On the anterior border

Question 31

True or False? An oesophagus, SVC and arch of the azygous vein impression is present of the left lung?

Answer 31

FALSE!! It is present on the RIGHT LUNG

Question 32

What impressions are on the left lung?

Answer 32

Cardiac impression Arch or Aorta Thoracic aorta impression

Question 33

Fill in the blank." Left pulmonary artery attached to undersurface of aortic arch by _______"

Answer 33

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 34

True or False? Right pulmonary artery, longer than left, passes below carina,posterior to oesophagus and at the lung root is inferior to right main bronchus.

Answer 34

FALSE!!! It passes below the carina, ANTERIOR to the oesophagus and ANTERIOR to the right main bronchus.

Question 35

What are the three branches of arteries that come off the aortic arch?

Answer 35

Brachiocephallic trunk Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Question 36

What does the veins of the right bronchus drain into?

Answer 36

Azygous vein

Question 37

What does the veins of the left bronchus drain into?

Answer 37

Hemizygous veins

Question 38

Which bronchus are foreign bodies most likely to enter after falling down the trachea?

Answer 38

RIGHT (right is more short &wide& vertical)

Question 39

How many segmental bronchi / bronchopulmonary segments are there ?

Answer 39

10

Question 40

What is the blood supply for alveoli ( except in oxygen)?

Answer 40

Pulmonary Artery

Question 41

Fill in the blanks." For bronchial arteries , there are two on the left which direct branches from ______ and one on the right coming from ________"

Answer 41

Left - Thoracic aorta Right - Third right posterior intercostal artery

Question 42

Where does the Parasympathetic supply of the lungs comes from?

Answer 42

The vagus nerve ( bronchoconstrictor, vasodilator & secretomotor)

Question 43

Where does the Sympathetic supply for the lungs come from?

Answer 43

Upper thoracic ganglia ( bronchodilator & vasoconstrictor)

Question 44

To what structure of the heart does a blood clot, fat or air bubble travel to in a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 44

Right atrium

Question 45

At what location is a Thoracentesis done?

Answer 45

At the 9th ICS in the midaxillary line during expiration