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Respiratory System > Lungs and Pluera > Flashcards

Lungs and Pluera Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the pleura that surrounds the lungs?

A

Visceral Pleura

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2
Q

True or False? The External intercostal muscles are used for expiration.

A

FALSE!!! They are used for Inspiration
“Don’t let your ex INSPIRE you”

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3
Q

Fill in the blank ‘ _______ are used for expiration ‘

A

Internal Intercostal muscles

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4
Q

What type of cells are found in pleura?

A

Squamous cells

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5
Q

What is Pleura?

A

It is a thin membrane of fibrous tissue surfaced by single layer of squamous cells (mesothelium)

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6
Q

At what location does the visceral pleura becomes continuous with mediastinal parietal pleura?

A

At the root of the lung

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7
Q

What are the subdivisions of Parietal Pleura?

A

Costal pleura
Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Cervical pleura (cupula)

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8
Q

Which pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall?

A

Costal Pleura

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9
Q

What surface of the diaphragm does the diaphragmatic pleura line?

A

Posterior surface of the diaphragm

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10
Q

What structures does the Costal Pleura line?

A

Sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, intercostal muscles & membranes and sides of the vertebral bodies

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11
Q

What structure connects the diaphragm to the diaphragmatic pleura?

A

Phrenicopleural fascia

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12
Q

What are the two types of Pleural Recess?

A

Costomediastinal recesses
Costodiaphragmatic recesses

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13
Q

Where are the Costomediastinal recesses located?

A

They occur posterior to sternum where costal pleura meets mediastinal pleura

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14
Q

Where are the Costodiaphragmatic recesses located?

A

This is located in most inferior limits of parietal pleura where costal pleura meets diaphragmatic pleura

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15
Q

What is the limit of the Costodiaphragmatic Recess?

A

From 8th to 10th rib along mid-axillary line

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16
Q

What is the Endothoracic Fascia?

A

This is a small amount of connective tissue between thoracic wall and costal parietal pleura.

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17
Q

What is the function of the Endothoracic fascia?

A

It provides a cleavage plane for surgical separation of pleura from thoracic wall

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18
Q

Fill in the blank. “The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downward beyond the root of the lung as a fold called _______”

A

Pulmonary Ligament

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19
Q

Fill in the blank.” _________ supply the costovetebral pleura.

A

Intercostal nerves

20
Q

What is the innervation of the Mediastinal pleura?

A

Phrenic Nerve

21
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The diaphragmatic Pleura is supplied by the ______ over the domes and by the _______ over the periphery.”

A

Phrenic nerve (domes)
Intercostal nerve ( Periphery)

22
Q

What is the arterial supply of the Parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal
Internal thoracic
Musculophrenic arteries

23
Q

From which embryologic layer, does the Parietal pleura develop from?

A

Somatopleural layer

24
Q

From which embryologic layer, does the Visceral pleura develop from?

A

Splanchnopleural layer

25
Q

What is the innervation for the visceral pleura?

A

Autonomic sympathetic & para sympathetic
[T2 - T5 & Vagus]

26
Q

What are the surfaces of the lungs?

A

Costal, Mediastinal and Diaphragmatic

27
Q

Which surface of the lungs shows the hilum and the pulmonary ligament?

A

Mediastinal

28
Q

At which rib and costal cartilage is the Horizontal fissure associated with?

A

Fourth rib and fourth costal cartilage

29
Q

Where is the Oblique(major fissure) located?

A

It is indicated by line joining spine of T3 to 6th rib
on midclavicular line.

30
Q

Where is the cardiac notch on the left lung located?

A

On the anterior border

31
Q

True or False? An oesophagus, SVC and arch of the azygous vein impression is present of the left lung?

A

FALSE!! It is present on the RIGHT LUNG

32
Q

What impressions are on the left lung?

A

Cardiac impression
Arch or Aorta
Thoracic aorta impression

33
Q

Fill in the blank.” Left pulmonary artery attached to undersurface of aortic arch by _______”

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

34
Q

True or False? Right pulmonary artery, longer than left, passes below carina,posterior to oesophagus and at the lung root is inferior to right main bronchus.

A

FALSE!!! It passes below the carina, ANTERIOR to the oesophagus and ANTERIOR to the right main bronchus.

35
Q

What are the three branches of arteries that come off the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephallic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

36
Q

What does the veins of the right bronchus drain into?

A

Azygous vein

37
Q

What does the veins of the left bronchus drain into?

A

Hemizygous veins

38
Q

Which bronchus are foreign bodies most likely to enter after falling down the trachea?

A

RIGHT (right is more short &wide& vertical)

39
Q

How many segmental bronchi / bronchopulmonary segments are there ?

A

10

40
Q

What is the blood supply for alveoli ( except in oxygen)?

A

Pulmonary Artery

41
Q

Fill in the blanks.” For bronchial arteries , there are two on the left which direct branches from ______ and one on the right coming from ________”

A

Left - Thoracic aorta
Right - Third right posterior intercostal artery

42
Q

Where does the Parasympathetic supply of the lungs comes from?

A

The vagus nerve
( bronchoconstrictor, vasodilator & secretomotor)

43
Q

Where does the Sympathetic supply for the lungs come from?

A

Upper thoracic ganglia
( bronchodilator & vasoconstrictor)

44
Q

To what structure of the heart does a blood clot, fat or air bubble travel to in a pulmonary embolism?

A

Right atrium

45
Q

At what location is a Thoracentesis done?

A

At the 9th ICS in the midaxillary line during expiration

Respiratory System (9 decks)

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