Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

To oxygenate blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many lobes does the RIGHT lung have?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many lobes does the LEFT lung has?

A

2 “ Left has Less Lobes and Lingula”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate into the left and right main bronchi?

A

At the Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of the Respiratory System

A

1.Provides tissue for gas exchange
2.Moves air in and out the body
3.Protects the body from dehydration, entry of pathogens and temperature fluctuations
4.Produces sound ( vocalization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the bones of the nasal cavity?

A

Nerdy - Nasal bone
Medical - Maxilla
Students - Sphenoid
are often
Very - Vomer
PaLE - Palantine, Lacrimal , Ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Some - Sphenoidal sinus
Medical- Maxillary sinus
students
Eat - Ethmoidal sinus
Fries- Frontal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?

A

Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium w Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the blood supply of the nose?

A

External and Internal Carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the innervation of the nose?

A

Olfactory Nerve ( CN 1) - Olfaction
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) - General Sensation
Facial Never (CN 7) - Serous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s a next name for Nosebleeds?

A

Epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 6 Paired bones of the facial skeleton?

A

I-Inferior nasal conchae
Love -Lacrimal
Zinger-Zygomatic
Patty -Palatine
Not- Nasal
Meal deal- Maxillary
“ I Love Zingers & Patty Not Meal deal”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two single bones of the facial skeleton?

A

Mandible
Vomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Nasion?

A

It is the junction between frontal and nasal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which three bones are the orbital margin formed by?

A

Frontal , Maxillary and Zygomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which structure is bounded by the nasal bones and maxillae?

A

Anterior nasal aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the four processes of the maxilla bone?

A

Zygomatic
Frontal
Alveolar
Palatine
“ZFAP”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the functions of the zygomatic bone?

A

They help to form sides and floor of orbits and make up the prominence of the cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which bones extend from Extend from the zygomatic process of temporal bone to zygomatic process of maxilla?

A

Zygomatic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bones can be described as L shaped with horizontal and perpendicular plates?

A

Palatine Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are lacrimal bones located ?

A

Located on the medial aspect of the orbit between ethmoid and maxillary bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the structure that has a dilated portion of nasolacrimal duct that conveys tears from
eyes to nasal cavity?

A

Lacrimal sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the vertical portions of the mandible called?

A

Rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fill in the blank “ Each ramus of the mandible has 2 parts that projects upwards: The ________ process is ________ and the ________ is _________”

A

Coronoid process is anterior & Condylar process is posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

True or False? The pterygopalatine fossa can act as a natural conduit for the spread of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in head and neck.

A

TRUE!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

True or False? Only the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, while the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers travel through it.

A

FALSE!! Only PARASYMPATHETIC nerves synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, while the sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel through it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which three bones of the skull forms the wall of the pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) fossa ?

A

Palantine
Sphenoid
Maxilla
“PMS forms sphenopalatine fossa”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the anterior wall of the sphenopalatine process formed by?

A

It is formed by the posterior surface of the maxilla
AM- Anterior wall- maxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The sphenoid bone forms which wall of the Sphenopalatine process?

A

Posterior wall and roof
PS- posterior wall - sphenoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the medial wall of the sphenopalatine process formed by?

A

Lateral surface of Palatine bone
MP - medial wall -palatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the neuromuscular structures that pass through the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Terminal (third) part of the maxillary artery
Veins, as well as their associated branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

True or false? The maxillary nerve V2 gives motor innervation?

A

FALSE!! It is purely sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the origin of the Maxillary nerve?

A
  • . It originates as the second division of the trigeminal ganglion in the cranial cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What structure does the Maxillary nerve travels through to enter the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Foramen rotundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

At the pterygopalatine fossa, what structures do the maxillary nerve give rise to?

A

Zygomatic nerve
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Two ganglionic branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the name given to maxillary nerve after its main trunk continues through the infraorbital fossa?

A

Infraorbital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

At the pterygopalatine fossa, it sits inferior to the maxillary nerve (V2)and anterior to the opening of the pterygoid canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where does the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion derive from?

A

Nervus intermedius (a branch of facial nerve CN VII) through greater petrosal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where does the maxillary artery originate from?

A

It originates near the neck of the mandible, travels through the pterygomaxillary fissure via the infratemporal fossa, and enters the pterygopalatine fossa as the terminal part/third of the maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the branches of the third part of maxillary artery?

A

Infrorbital
Posterior superior alveolar
Sphenopalatine
Greater palatine
Pharyngeal
artery of pterygoid cana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Fill in the blanks “ ________ serves as a gateway for seven openings that communicate with the orbit, the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the middle cranial fossa, and the infratemporal fossa.”

A

Pterygopalatine fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is located on posterior wall of pterygopalatine fossa, between foramen rotundum and palatine canal. Communicates with middle cranial fossa and from there, it transmits nerve, artery, and vein of pterygoid canal?

A

Pterygoid canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Where is the Pterygomaxillary fissure located?

A

Located between anterior and posterior wall of pterygopalatine fossa. Communicates with infratemporal fossa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is the function of the palatine canal?

A

It communicates with the oral cavity via the greater palatine and the lesser palatine canals, which transmit the greater palatine and lesser palatine nerves, respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which structure transmits the greater palatine artery?

A

Palatine canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which two two neurovascular structures does the Pterygomaxillary fissure transmit?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the nerve supply for the skin of the external part of the nose?

A

External nasal nerve
Infratrochlear branch of nasociliary nerve
Nasal branches of infraorbital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the blood supply for the skin of the nose?

A

. External nasal artery from anterior ethmoidal artery

. Dorsal nasal artery (terminal branch of ophtalmic artery) at root. Divides
into two branches: one anastomosing with angular artery, terminal branch of the facial artery
:one anastomosing with fellow artery on opposite side and with lateral nasal branch.

. Lateral nasal branch of facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Where are the vocal folds located?

A

Vocal folds located just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into
trachea and esophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is located posteriorly to the thyroid gland and anteriorly to pharynx?

A

The larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What are the three unpaired cartilages?

A

Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottic Cartilage
CET are unpaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the paired cartilages?

A

Arytenoid Cartilage
Corniculate Cartilage
Cuniform Cartilage
“ ACC are paired with rich ppl”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is known as the laryngeal prominence?

A

The Adams Apple (larger in males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What structure is located superior to laryngeal prominence?

A

Superior thyroid notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Fill in the blank “ Inferior horn articulates with cricoid cartilage through ________”

A

Cricothyroid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What structure connects superior border of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone?

A

Thyrhyoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Which cartilage has an oblique ridge/line running from superior to inferior tubercles?

A

Thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Where is the arch for the cricoid cartilage located?

A

Anteriorly
“Arch for anterior”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Where is the lamina of the cricoid cartilage located?

A

Posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Which cartilage is located posterior to the tongue and hyoid bone?

A

Epiglottic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Where is the Arytenoid cartilage located?

A

Located on superior border of lamina of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Fill in the blanks “Each arytenoid cartilage has a muscular process for attachment of ______ and vocal process for attachment of______.”

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles and Vocal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Which cartilage is described as Club-shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located anterior to corniculate cartilages?

A

Cuneiform cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Which cartilage is described as horn-shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located at apex of each arytenoid cartilage?

A

Corniculate cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What are the two joints of the Larynx?

A

Cricothyroid joint
Cricoarytenoid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What types of joints are the Cricothyroid joint and Cricoarytenoid joint?

A

Synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Which joint is located at the superior border of lamina of cricoid?

A

Crycoarytenoid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Which joint is located between inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and side of arch of cricoid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the purpose of the cricoarytenoid joint?

A

Allows rotatory and lateral gliding movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Which nerve passes behind the Cricothyroid joint becoming inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

True or False? Thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages all contain elastic cartilages.

A

FALSE!! They all contain hyaline cartilage
( tic TAC has hyaline cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What type of cartilage does Corniculate , Epiglottic ,Cuniform cartilages all have?

A

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What are the Extrinsic Membranes in the Larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane
Cricotracheal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What type of ligament is cricothyroid ligament?

A

Intrinsic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the Larynx?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament
Thyroepiglottic ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

True or False? The Quarangular Membrane that extends between epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage is an Intrinsic membrane?

A

TRUE!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Which structure connects the epiglottis to hyoid bone in the Larynx?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Which structure connects lower border of cricoid cartilage to first cartilaginous ring of trachea?

A

Cricotracheal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Which structure is not apart of the larynx, but anchors the larynx to the hyoid bone?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

True or False? The Thyrohyoid membrane is perforated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal vessels.

A

FALSE!! It is perforated by SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE and superior laryngeal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Fill in the blank “ Thyroepiglottic ligament connects epiglottis to ____”

A

Thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What structure is the anterior border of the Quadrangular membrane in the Larynx attached to?

A

Side of lower half of epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What structure is the posterior border of the Quadrangular membrane in the Larynx attached to?

A

Anterolateral surface of arytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What is the function of suprahyoid muscles in the Larynx?

A

They elevate the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What is the function of infrahyoid muscles in the Larynx?

A

They depress the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles (Extrinsic muscles) of the Larynx?

A

G- Geniohyoid muscles
G- Genioglossus muscles
Don’t- Digastric muscles
Sell- Stylohyoid muscles
My- Mylohyoid muscles
House - Hyoglossus muscles
“ GG Don’t Sell My House”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What are the Infrahyoid muscles(Extrinsic) of the larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid muscles
Omohyoid muscles
Sternothyroid muscles
Sternohyoid muscle
“TOSS”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the Larynx that act on the inlet( Opening connecting larynx to pharynx)

A

Aryepiglottic muscle
Oblique arytenoids
Assisted by transverse arytenoid and thyroepiglottic muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

What type of muscles are Posterior cricoarytenoids, Lateral cricoarytenoids ,Oblique and transverse arytenoids, Thyroarytenoids and cricothyroids, Vocalis?

A

Muscles affecting the vocal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What are the sub divisions of Intrinsic Muscles?

A

Respiratory muscles (They move the vocal cordsapart and serve breathing)

Phonatory muscles (They move the vocal cords together and serve the production of voice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Which muscle is the main respiratory muscle?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Which Phonatory muscles are Adductors?

A

Transverse Arytenoid
Oblique Arytenoid
Lateral Cricoarytenoid

“TOL”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

The cricothyroid muscles and thyroarytenoid muscles are descibed as ?

A

Tensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

True or False? The Vocalis muscle is known as a vocal fold relaxer.

A

TRUE!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

Which intrinsic muscle of the Larynx is the ONLY muscle that is not supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Cricothyroid Muscle ( It is supplied by the External laryngeal nerve (branch of the superior laryngeal nerve branch of the Vagus nerve which comes off of the Subclavian artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Which muscle is the ONLY muscle to open the rima glottidis?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

What is the origin (inferior attachment of the posterior crycoarytenoid muscle)?

A

The posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage

98
Q

What is the insertion(superior attachment) of the posterior crycoarytenoid?

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

99
Q

What is the Innervation for all Intrinsic muscles of the Larynx except the cricothyroid?

A

Inferior Laryngeal nerve (Branch of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve )

100
Q

Which muscle has its origin being the lateral border and muscular process of arytenoid cartilage and its insertion on the opposite side?

A

Transverse Arytenoid

101
Q

What is the origin and insertion for the Oblique Arytenoid muscle?

A

Origin - Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
Insertion - Apex of contralateral arytenoid cartilage

102
Q

Which muscle has its origin (inferior attachment) at the arch of cricoid cartilage and where is it’s insertion ( superior attachment)

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
Insertion - muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

103
Q

What is the origin of the Cricothyroid muscle?

A

Anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage

104
Q

What is the insertion of Cricothyroid muscle?

A

Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

105
Q

What is the Innervation and Blood supply of the Cricothyroid cartilage?

A

External laryngeal nerve & Cricothyroid artery and vein

106
Q

Which muscle has its origin at the angle of thyroid laminae & cricothyroid ligament and its insertion at the Anterolateral arytenoid surface?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

107
Q

What is the blood supply of All intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Superior& Inferior Thyroid arteries

108
Q

What is the function of the vocalis muscle?

A

Tenses anterior part and relaxes posterior part of vocal ligament

109
Q

What is the origin & Innervation of the Vocalis muscle

A

Origin: Lateral surface of vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage
Insertion: Anterior part of ipsilateral vocal ligament

110
Q

What is the space between the vocal folds known as ?

A

The rima glottidis

111
Q

What type of epithelium is the Vocal folds?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

112
Q

What is Reinke’s space?

A

T his watery, amorphous layer is rich in glycosaminoglycans. Due to its fluidity, the epithelium is able to vibrate freely above it to create sound

113
Q

Which Intrinsic muscle of the larynx produces a high pitch?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

114
Q

Which Intrinsic muscle of the larynx produces a low pitch?

A

Thyroartytenoid muscle

115
Q

What is another name for vestibular folds?

A

False vocal cords

116
Q

What are the three parts of the laryngeal cavity?

A

1)Vestibule: superior to vestibular folds
2)Ventricle: depression between vestibular and vocal folds may extend in a recess called saccule
3)Infraglottic cavity: inferior to vocal folds and continuous with trachea

117
Q

What happens when there is an injury to one of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

It produces hoarseness; if both are damaged the voice may or may not be preserved, but breathing becomes difficult

118
Q

Damage to which nerve causes a weakened phonation because vocal cords cannot be tightened?

A

External laryngeal nerve - (this supplies the crycothyroid muscles which causes tension of the vocal cords )

119
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to mucosa superior to vocal folds?

A

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

120
Q

What are the three layers of the Pharyngeal wall?

A

1)Buccopharyngeal fascia: adventitia of pharynx continuous with connective tissue covering buccinator muscle
2)Muscular layer: outer circular part and inner longitudinal part
3)Mucous membrane

121
Q

How long is the pharynx?

A

12-14cm

122
Q

What are the three divisions of the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

123
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

A

The nasopharynx is found between the base of the skull and the soft palate.

124
Q

Through what structure does the Nasopharynx communicate with the nasal cavities?

A

The nasal choanae

125
Q

Where are adenoid tonsils found?

A

In the posterosuperior nasopharynx

126
Q

Which division of the pharynx is located between the superior border of the epiglottis and inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Laryngopharynx

127
Q

Where is the Oropharynx located ?

A

The oropharynx is located in the middle part of the pharynx , located between the soft palate and the superior border of the epiglottis

128
Q

What tonsils are found in the Oropharynx?

A

Lingual tonsils
Palatine tonsils

129
Q

What structures are found in the Oropharynx?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue
Palatine Tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Superior Constrictor Muscle
“ ppls of the Oropharynx”

130
Q

Which muscles are found in the Laryngopharynx?

A

Middle and Inferior pharyngeal constrictors

131
Q

What nerve mostly innervates the muscle of the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

132
Q

Which muscle of the Pharynx is NOT supplied by the Vagus nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeous muscle

133
Q

Which muscle of the Pharynx is NOT supplied by the Vagus nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeous muscle

134
Q

Which nerve is the Stylopharyngeous muscle innervated by?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

135
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

A

Manubrium of sternum
Right and left first ribs
Body of T1

136
Q

What are the structures passing through the thoracic inlet?

A

Trachea
Oesophagus
Major blood vessels
Vagus nerves
Phrenic nerves
Thoracic duct

137
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture ( thoracic outlet)

A

Xiphisternal joint
Costal margin
Ribs 11 and 12
Body of T12

138
Q

What are the structures passing through the opening diaphragm ?

A

Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
Azygos system
Thoracic duct

139
Q

What is the superior boundary of the mediastinum?

A

Superior thoracic aperture

140
Q

The sternum serves as which border of the Mediastinum?

A

Anterior

141
Q

What is the Inferior border of the mediastinum?

A

Diaphragm

142
Q

Fill in the blanks “ The ______ border of the mediastinum is the bodies of vertebrae T1 to T12”

A

Posterior

143
Q

What is the lateral border of the mediastinum ?

A

Mediastinal parietal pleurae (left and right)

144
Q

At what level does the imaginary transverse plane at level of sternal angle intersects the intervertebral disk ?

A

Between T4-T5

145
Q

True or False?The plane of sternal angle separates superior mediastinum from lateral mediastinum.

A

FALSE!! It separates superior mediastinum from inferior mediastinum

146
Q

What are the parts in which the pericardium divides the inferior mediastinum into ?

A

Anterior Mediastinum
Middle Mediastinum
Posterior Mediastinum

147
Q

Where can parts of the thymus be found in children?

A

Anterior mediastinum

148
Q

The pericardium, the heart and the roots of great vessels can be found in which mediastinum?

A

Middle mediastinum

149
Q

What structures are found in the Posterior mediastinum?

A

Oesophagus, vagus nerves, sympathetic trunks, azygos system of veins, thoracic duct, thoracic aorta

150
Q

What are the things that occur at Plane of sternal angle (T4-T5)

A

Superior border of pericardium
Division between superior and inferior mediastinum
Bifurcation of trachea
End of ascending aorta
Beginning and end of arch of aorta
Beginning of thoracic aorta
Arch of azygos vein

151
Q

What are the structures giving off by the arch of the aorta?

A

L- Left common carotid artery
L- Left subclavian artery
B- Brachiocephalic trunk

152
Q

What are the blood vessels passing through the Superior mediastinum?

A

Arch of the Aorta
Ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of ductus arteriosus): from left pulmonary artery to concavity of aortic arch
Brachiocephalic veins
Superior vena cava

153
Q

True or False? The Nasopharynx is supplied by the Pharyngeal Plexus.

A

FALSE!! The Nasopharynx is supplied by the Pharyngeal Nerve NOT plexus.

154
Q

From what levels do the Phrenic nerves arise?

A

C3,C4,C5 - “keeps the diaphragm alive”

155
Q

At what level does the right phrenic nerve pass through vena cava hiatus opening in diaphragm ?

A

T8

156
Q

True or False? Two thirds of fibers are motor to diaphragm, other one third are sensory to diaphragm and pleura and pericardium.

A

TRUE!!

157
Q

Which one of the vagus nerves are in contact with the trachea?

A

Right vagus nerve

158
Q

What are the structures found within the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus (or remnants)
Sternopericardial ligaments
Few lymph nodes
Branches of internal thoracic vessels

159
Q

What are the blood supply of the Thymus?

A

Branches of inferior thyroid and internal thoracic arteries

160
Q

What do efferent channels of the Thymus drain into?

A

Parasternal, tracheobronchial and brachiocephalic nodes

161
Q

What germ layer does the Thymus develop from?

A

Endoderm of third branchial pouch

162
Q

What are the structures of the Posterior mediastinum?

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerves
Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein (on the right side)
Hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins (on the left side)
Thoracic duct and lymph nodes

163
Q

At what level does the thoracic aorta begin?

A

Begins at lower border of T4

164
Q

At what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

At level of T10

165
Q

What is the blood supply of the Oesophagus?

A

Upper oesophagus: inferior thyroid arteries
Middle portion: oesophageal branches from aorta and bronchial arteries
Lower part: oesophageal branches of left gastric artery

166
Q

What is the nerve supply of the upper part of the oesophagus?

A

By recurrent laryngeal nerves and by sympathetic fibers from middle cervical ganglia

167
Q

What is the nerve supply of the middle and lower part of the oesophagus?

A

By thoracic sympathetic trunks and greater splanchnic nerve.

168
Q

The region of mediastinum where lung is connected to trachea and heart is called ?

A

The root of lung

169
Q

The region of lung where bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter or leave is known as?

A

Hilum

170
Q

Which lung has a cardiac notch ?

A

Left lung

171
Q

What are the contact impressions of contact impressions on mediastinal surface of right lung?

A

Cardiac impression
Esophagus impression
Arch of azygos vein impression
Superior vena cava impression

172
Q

What are the contact impressions of contact impressions on mediastinal surface of left lung?

A

Cardiac impression
Aortic arch impression
Thoracic aorta impression

173
Q

In the right lung, how does one distinguish the main bronchus from pulmonary vessels?

A

The cartilage in bronchus

174
Q

True or False? In the right lung, Right superior lobar bronchus (eparterial) passes inferior to right pulmonary artery.

A

FALSE!!! Right superior lobar bronchus (eparterial) passes SUPERIOR to right pulmonary artery.

175
Q

In the left lung , what structures does the Hilum contain?

A

Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, autonomic nerve fibers, bronchial vessels

176
Q

What are the blood supplies to the Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Anterior ethmoid artery
Sphenopalatine artery of maxillary artery
Septal branch of superior labial artery
Greater palatine artery

177
Q

What is the name of the hairs found in the nasal cavity called?

A

Vibrissae

178
Q

What bone is the Later wall of the nasal cavity made of?

A

Maxilla

179
Q

What is another name for conchae?

A

Turbinates

180
Q

What bone forms the posterior border of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

181
Q

Fill in the blank “ The floor of the nasal cavity is the _____ surface of the _______”

A

Upper & Hard Palate

182
Q

What are the bones forming the structure of the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone

183
Q

What are the three structures forming the Roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Central part: cribriform plate of ethmoid

At the front: nasal spine of frontal bone and nasal bones

At the back: sphenoid body

184
Q

Fill in the blanks “The frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses open into the _____ . The location of this opening is marked by the ________.

A

Middle Meatus & Semilunar hiatus

185
Q

True or False? The limen nasi is ridge between vestibule and nasal cavity proper.

A

TRUE!!!

186
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoid cells drain into?

A

Into the superior meatus

187
Q

What is the Torus Tubarius?

A

It is the swelling above pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube formed by the tubal cartilage

188
Q

What is the location most susceptible to have a nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A

Pharyngeal Recess

189
Q

What is the most common area for epistaxis(Nose bleeds)

A

Kiesselbach’s Plexus (Little Area)

190
Q

What structure does the nasolacrimal duct opens into?

A

The inferior meatus

191
Q

What is the main blood supply of the nasal cavity ?

A

Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery

192
Q

True or False? Superior and posterior ethmoidal branches of maxillary artery enter nose from orbit and supply roof and upper parts of lateral wall and septum.

A

FALSE!!! Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery

193
Q

What is the nerve supply for the vestibular area of nasal cavity?

A

Infraorbital nerve

194
Q

Fill in the blanks .” Respiratory area of lateral wall supplied at front by __________nerve (from orbit) in upper part and in lower part by ________ nerve

A

Anterior ethmoidal nerve (upper part)
Anterior superior alveolar nerve ( lower part)

195
Q

What nerve supplies the upper back part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Lateral posterior superior nasal branches of pterygopalatine ganglion

196
Q

What nerve supplies the lower back part of he lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Posterior inferior nasal branches of greater palatine nerve

197
Q

Which sinus is not present at birth?

A

Frontal sinus

198
Q

What are the branches of the External Carotid Artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

“Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”
- same smn as uwiss ‘ as sally ‘

199
Q

True or False? The frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses open into the middle meatus by the semilunar hiatus

A

TRUE!!

200
Q

Which two bones make up the nasal septum?

A

Vomer and Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

201
Q

What is the direction for External intercostal muscles?

A

Downward and forward
“Hands in pockets”

202
Q

What is the direction for Internal intercostal muscles?

A

Downwards and backwards
“Hands on tits”

203
Q

What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

204
Q

True or False, In the diaphragm the left dome is higher than the right dome?

A

FALSE!! Right dome is higher than the left dome

205
Q

To what region does the right dome of the diaphragm extend to during Expiration?

A

As far as the nipple (fourth Space)

206
Q

To what region does the left dome of the diaphragm extend to during Expiration?

A

To the Fifth rib

207
Q

At what level is the central tendon of the diaphragm found?

A

The level of the xiphisternal joint at T8 level (6th CC)

208
Q

What are the subdivisions of the Peripheral part of the diaphragm?

A

Sternal
Costal
Lumbar

209
Q

For the costal part of the diaphragm , where do the muscles attach?

A

To the inferior 6th ribs and their costal cartilages

210
Q

Which muscular part of the diaphragm are formed by two crurae?

A

Lumbar part

211
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The sternal part of the diaphragm has two small bundles of muscle fibers that attach to_______ surface of _________”

A

Posterior & Xiphoid process

212
Q

What is the diaphragmatic crura?

A

Crura are strong tendons attached to the anterolateral surfaces of upper lumbar vertebrae.

213
Q

True or False? The right crus is fixed to the upper 3 lumbar vertebrae and the discs while the left crus to upper 2 lumbar vertebrae.

A

TRUE!!

214
Q

At what level, does the tendinous fibres of each crus unite with one another to form the medial arcuate ligament?

A

At T 12

215
Q

What is the medial arcuate ligament?

A

It is a thickening of the psoas fascia and it extends from the side of body of L1 or L2 to anterior surface of transverse process of L1.

216
Q

Which ligament extends from the anterior surface of transverse process of L1 to middle of lower margin of 12th rib.

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

217
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ The middle arcuate ligament bridges anterior surface of ______ muscle while the lateral arcuate ligament bridges the anterior surface of the _______ muscle .

A

Middle - Psoas Major muscle
Lateral- Quadratus lumborum muscle

218
Q

What is the shape given to the central tendon?

A

Trefoil shape

219
Q

At what levels are the different openings in the diaphragm?

A

Vena cava foramen - T8
Oesophagus opening- T10
Aortic Hiatus opening- T 12

220
Q

Which nerve passes through the central tendon along with the Inferior Vena cava?

A

Right phrenic nerve

221
Q

Where on the diaphragm can the oesophageal opening be found?

A

2.5 cm to LEFT of midline behind 7th left costal cartilage.

222
Q

What other structures run through the oesophageal opening?

A

Vagus nevre, esophageal branches of left gastric artery, veins and lymphatics

223
Q

Fill in the blank . “ The Venous drainage for the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm passes caudally to _________and cranially to
_________.

A

Portal Venous system (caudally)
Azygous system (cranially)

224
Q

Where is the vena cava opening in the diaphragm located?

A

Right of midline, behind 6th costal cartilage

225
Q

Passing through the diaphragm, which structure passes behind the medial arcuate ligament.

A

Sympathetic Trunk

226
Q

Fill in the blank, When passing through the diaphragm, the left phrenic pierces _____”

A

The muscle of the left dome.

227
Q

What nerve does the Pleural and peritoneal coverings of peripheral part of diaphragm receive sensory fibers from?
(proprioceptive to periphery of diaphragm

A

LOWER intercostal nerves( T5-11)and subcostal nerve

228
Q

Which part of the diaphragm does the phrenic nerve supply sensory innervation for?
(proprioceptive to central diaphragm)

A

Abdominal (parietal peritoneum) and thoracic (parietal pleural) surfaces of diaphragm

229
Q

What type of muscle fibres make up 55% of the diaphragm?

A

Slow twitch , fatigue-resistant (type I) fibres

230
Q

What is the blood supply of the costal margin of the diaphragm?

A

Lower five intercostal and the subcostal arteries

231
Q

What is the blood supply to the cura of the diaphragm?

A

Right and Left phrenic arteries from abdominal aorta.

232
Q

What are the four sources that give rise to the diaphragm?

A

Pleuroperitoneal membrane
Oesophageal mesentery
Lateral body wall mesoderm
Septum Transversum

Diaphragm are developed from POLS

233
Q

What part of the diaphragm does the septum transverse gives rise to?

A

Central Tendon

234
Q

Fill in the blank. “ Prior to its descent from neck the transverse septum became invaded by muscle cells derived from _______”

A

3rd, 4th and 5th Cervical myotomes

235
Q

What is the function of the Pleuroperitoneal membrane?

A

It closes the connection between thoracic and abdominal parts of coelom.

236
Q

Fill in the blanks. “The pleuropericardial folds(membranes) fuse with each other to form _____”

A

Fibrous pericardium

237
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital diaphragmatic hernia ?

A

Bochdalek’s foramen
- it is the failure of pleuroperitoneal membrane development

238
Q

True or False? Bochdalek’s hernia normally develops on the right side.

A

FALSE, It is normally on the left side.

239
Q

Where is Morgan’s foramen located?

A

This is at junction of costal and xiphoid origin

240
Q

What are the two types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Bochdalek’s hernia
Morgagni’s foramen

241
Q

What are the two types of Acquired diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Sliding type
Paraesophageal (rolling) type

Respiratory System (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions