lung worm Flashcards
what is the equine lungworm?
dictyocaulus arnfieldi
what is the pathogenicity of dictyocaulus arnfieldi
- horse
- adult in small bronchi
- raised over-inflated areas of pulmonary tissue
- hyperplastic bronchial epitherlium
- peribronchial cuffing
what is a big risk factor for equine lung worm?
donkey contact
how can you diagnose dictyocaulus arnfieldi?
- equine lung worm
- tracheobronchial washing - eosinophils
- faecal exam
- response to treatment
what is the canine lungworm?
angiostrongylus vasorum
filaroides (oslerus) osleri
what is the life cycle of angiostrongylus vasorum?
slug/snail intermediate
-adult in pulmonary a and RH heart
ppp 6-10w
(canine)
what signs are seen with angiostrongylus vasorum?
- cario-resp signs = cough, exercise intolerance
- coagulopathies = from thrombocytopenia
- neuro signs = CNS haemorrhage or larvae in CNS tissue - ataxia, vision loss, seizures
- pulmonary hypertension and haemorrhage
how can you diagnose canine lungworm?
- thoracic rad - nodules at bifurcation
- faeces
- sputum exam
- PM - mottled lungs, large BV
- hypochromic anaemia, eosinophilia, coag tests
- endoscopy - nodules, inflammation
how can you treat angiostrongylus vasorum?
moxidectin (advocate)
milbemycin
panacur (fenbendazole - 5-7 d course *) (filaroides too)
what is the life cycle of filaroides osleri?
atypical metastrongyloid
direct LC
adults in tracheal nodules
Bitch - pup when grooming
what is the feline lungworm?
aelurostrongylus abstrusus
where do the adults of aelurostrongylus abstrusus live?
lung parenchyma and small bronchioles
what would you see on PM with feline lungworm?
green eosinophilic lung nodules
what is the bovine lungworm?
dictyocaulus viviparus
what is the life cycle of dictyocaulus?
l1 in faeces - infested - migrate in blood and lymph to lungs - adult in trachea and bronchi
- embryonated eggs coughed and swallowed - hatch
ppp - 3.5 w in cow , 5w in sheep
what is the immunity like for dictyocaulus?
rapidly develops from heavy exposure but the pathogen can affect any age if naive
what is the pathogenesis of husk?
wk1) penetration phase - larvae migrate to lungs , no signs
wk1-3) prepatent phase - larvae migrate through lungs - bronchiolitis, eosinophilic exudate, distal alveolar collapse =tachypnoea, coughing
wk4-8) patent phase - worms mature and make eggs - parasitic pneumonia - areas of consolidation and infiltration of polymorphs, macrophage and giant cells
wk8-12) post-patent phase - worms expelled, can get a secondary flare up
how can you diagnose dictyocaulus?
pathology / histology - parasite granulomas in lung, eosinophilic plugs
faecal - baerman technique
larval identification - 300 microns, blunt tail, have int granules
PM - lung lesions, consolidated areas
Herd blood and milk ELISA
lung perfusion - wash out lung and collect washings
what is the difference between GI larva and lungworm larva on identification?
lungworm - 300 microns, blunt tail, int granules
GI larva - 700-1000 microns, long tails, int cells
what are the 3 lungworms that can infect sheep?
dictyocaulus filaria
muellerius
protostrongylus
what is the most important ovine lungworm?
dictyocaulus filaria
what is the life cycle of muellerius?
ppp 6-10 w
indirect via mollusc
adult in alveoli / parenchyma
what is the life cycle of protostrongylus?
ppp 5-6 w
indirect via mollusc
adults in small bronchioles
what is the pathogenesis of muellerius?
nodules in lung parenchyma
