cattle respiratory disease

Question 1

what are the 3 components causing bovine respiratory disease?

Answer 1

host
environment
pathogen

Question 2

how do you check a calf has adequate colostrum intake?

Answer 2

blood at 2-7do and put serum on refractometer - over 5.5 = healthy calf

Question 3

what is shipping fever?

Answer 3

seen in older calves
10-30 d after transport or after stress
- URT commensals but become lung pathogens
-sudden pyrexia, reduced feed intake, tachypnoea, cough, grunt, sudden death

Question 4

what pathogens can contribute to bovine respiratory disease complex?

Answer 4

parainfluenza 3
bovine resp syncytial virus
IBR (BHV1)
coronavirus
secondary - mannheimia, pasturella, arcanobacterium, histophilus somni

Question 5

what is acute enzootic pneumonia?

Answer 5

seen in groups of calves
dull, cough
worry if temp over 40, rr over 40, discharge or conjuctivitis

Question 6

what bovine resp pathogen can become latent and where?

Answer 6

IBR - bovine herpesvirus 1 - in trigeminal ganglia

- will be sero negative for it

Question 7

what is a non-infectious calf pneumonia?

Answer 7

calf diptheria

- fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 8

what can cause calf diptheria?

Answer 8

mucosal injury from sharp teeth
unhygienic stomach tubes
coarse feed
food trapped between teeth and buccal mucosa

Question 9

what are the signs of calf diptheria?

Answer 9

excessive salivation
foul breath
swollen cheeks
abscesses
increased resp noise

Question 10

what is fog fever?

Answer 10

see signs within 2w of moving to lush autumn pasture

• resp distress, froth, subq emphysema over back and thorax
• guarded prognosis
• remove from pasture, give NSAIDs and diuretics

Question 11

what is bovine farmers lung?

Answer 11

hypersensitivity after inhaling mould allergens

- mouth breathing, cough, low yield, wt loss

Question 12

how can you manage bovine respiratory disease complex?

Answer 12

abx and nsaids
PM any
BAL
nasophargyngeal swabs for fluro AB test for IBR
paired serology (beware of MDA/vax)
herd milk/blood status
IBR/BRSV / PI3 vax

Question 13

what is the name of bovine parasitic bronchitis?

Answer 13

dictyocaulus viviparus

husk

Question 14

what are some control strategies for bovine lungworm?

Answer 14

huskvac vax (vax 2x 4 w apart and turnout 2 w later)
strategic anthelmintic dosing - ivermecting, fenbendazole, oxbendazole, ivermectin (3,8,13 w), doramectin (0,8 w)

Question 15

how is BHV virulent?

Answer 15

viral inclusion bodies

Question 16

how is BRSV virulent?

Answer 16

large syncytial cells

Question 17

what is the pathogenesis of BHV?

Answer 17

kill cilia

fibrinous laryngitis and tracheitis

Question 18

how is mannheimia haemolytica classified?

Answer 18

oxidase positive
makes a leukotoxin
b haemolytic

Question 19

what does mannheimia do?

Answer 19

• fibrinous epizootic bronchopneumonia in cattle
• pasteurellosis in sheep
• destroys BV so get necrosis, oedema and fibrin in pleural cavity
• mastitis

Question 20

what does pasteurella trehalosii cause?

Answer 20

septicaemic in older lambs

Question 21

What is histophilus somni and where is it normally found?

Answer 21

G-ve rod

genital tract and sometimes URT

Question 22

what does histophilus somni cause?

Answer 22

• death in young calves
• acute thromboembolic meningoecephalitis
• pneumonia
• myocarditis

Question 23

How is bovine TB classified?

Answer 23

G+ve mycobacteria
strict aerobes
resists intracellular killing

Question 24

what does bovine TB cause?

Answer 24

• chronic and fatal pneumonia and wasting
• granulomatous pneumonia and lymphadenitis
• dystrophic mineralisation

Question 25

where does mycoplasma bovis inhabit?

Answer 25

mucosal surfaces

resp tract commensal

Question 26

what does mycoplasma bovis do?

Answer 26

despress production
arthirits
mastitis
cranioventral consolidation
exudate in bronchis with thickening of CT

Question 27

what does mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides cause?

Answer 27

contagious pleuropneumonia
fibronecrotic bronchopneumonia
fibrinous exudate in septa
necrotic areas
often unilateral