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Boards: Cardiopulmonary & Lymphatic > Lung Volume Concepts > Flashcards

Lung Volume Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

refers to the movement of air exchanged in the pulmonary system

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2
Q

What are the 3 major areas of Pulmonary Function Testing?

A
  1. Volumes and Capacity
  2. Gas Flow Rates
  3. Diffusion
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3
Q

What are the 4 primary Lung Volume Measurements?

A
  1. Tidal Volume - TV
  2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume - IRV
  3. Expiratory Reserve Volume - ERV
  4. Residual Volume - RV
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4
Q

Tidal Volume TV

A

of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal resting breathing

Normal = approximately 400 mL

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5
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

the volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a tidal inspiration

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6
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

the volume of air that can be forcefully expelled following a tidal expiration

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7
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs following a full or maximal expiration

Normal is around 30% of TLC

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8
Q

What are the 4 Primary Capacity Measurements of the Lung

A
  1. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  2. Vital Capacity (VC)
  3. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  4. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) or Exp Cap (EC)
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9
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Total volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal volitional inspiration

TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

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10
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The maximum amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

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11
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired at the end of a tidal expiration

IC = TV + IRV

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12
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

The amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a normal quiet tidal expiration

FRC = ERV + RV

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13
Q

Tests of Gas Flow (7)

A
  1. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
  2. Forced Exp Volume in 1 second (FEV1)
  3. Forced mid-exp flow (FEF25-75)
  4. Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
  5. Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
  6. Airway Resistance (Raw)
  7. Compliance (C)
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14
Q

Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

A

volume of GAS FLOW that can be forcefully expelled in 1 second following a full inspiration.

  • Normal = 75%
  • Obstructive = 25%
  • Restrictive = 83%
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15
Q

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

Measure of air flow that indicates the amount of air that is under volitional control (measures VC and Rate)

FVC = IRV + TV + ERV

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16
Q

PFT and Restricive Airway Disease

  • Volume and Capacity Changes
  • Gas Flow Rate Changes
  • Examples of Disease
A
  • Volume and Capacity Changes
    • decreased TLC, FRC, RV, PaCO2
  • Gas Flow Rate Changes
    • decreased FVC
    • NORMAL FEV1/FVC = 83%
    • Reduced FVC in the absence of reduced FEV1/FVC ratio is hallmark of restrictive disease
    • SMALL/NORMAL SHAPED FLOW RATE LOOP
  • Examples of Disease
    • auto immune = pulmonary fibrosis
    • Neuro Musc = ALS, MS, Ms Dystrophy
    • Obesity and Pregnancy
17
Q

PFT and Obstructive Disease

  • Volume and Capacity Changes
  • Gas Flow Rate Changes
  • Examples of Disease
A
  • Volume and Capacity Changes
    • increased TLC ~165%
    • increased RV ~50-70% excess
    • increased FRC
    • increased PaCO2
  • Gas Flow Rate Changes
    • ​**decreased FEV1 **
    • Normal FVC
    • decreased FEV1/FVC = 25%
    • disproportionate decrease in FEV1 to FVC and resultant FEV1/FVC ratio is hallmark
    • SCOOPED FLOW CHART
  • Examples of Disease
    • ​asthma
    • bronchitis
    • Cystic fibrosis
    • bronchiectasis
    • pneumonia
    • alpha 1 -tripsin deficiency
18
Q

Severity of Reduction in FVC and or FEV1

A

Normal >80%

Mild - 70-79%

Moderate - 60-69%

Mod-Severe - 50-50%

Severe - 35-49%

Very Severe <35%

19
Q

Changes of Pulmonary Function Tests based on Severity of Impairment

FEV1/FVC

A

normal >70%

mild: 60-70
moderate: 45-59
severe: <45

20
Q

Normal Diffusion and Reasons for Reduction

A
  • Normal Diffusion = 25-30 mL/min/mmHg
  • Reasons for reduction =
    • low Hct
    • thickened alveolar membrane
    • decreased alveolar surface area

Boards: Cardiopulmonary & Lymphatic (17 decks)

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