Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards: Cardiopulmonary & Lymphatic > Cardiopulmonary Words > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Words Flashcards

1
Q

Lung Sounds

Bronchophony

Egophony

Whispering Pectoriloquy

A

Bronchophony: increased vocal resonance with greater clarity and loudness of spoken words (e.g. 99)

Egophony: A form of bronchophony in which the spoken long “E” sound changes to a long nasal-sounding “A”

Whispering pectoriloquy: recognition of whispered words 1,2,3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vesicular Breath Sound

A

Normal: a soft rustling sound heard throughout all of inspiration, and the beginning of expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bronchial Breath Sounds

A

Hollow echoing sound normally found over the R Superior anterior Thorax and corresponds with an ara over R main stem bronchus.

Heard through all of inspiration and most of expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Crackles (Rales, Crepitations)

A

a crackling sound heard usually during inspiration that indicates pathology

  • atelectasis
  • fibrosis
  • pulmonary edema
  • Basilar rales often accompany L ventricular HF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adventitous breath sounds: Wheezes

A

high-pitched, sibilant, musical

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adventitous breath sounds: Rhonchi

A
  • continuous low-pitched, sonorous breath sounds that are more prominent during INSPIRATION.
  • air passing through narrrow airways
  • Common with asthma and chronic bronchitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wheezes

A

Musically pitched sound, usually heard during Expiration, caused by airway obstruction

  • asthma
  • COPD
  • foreign body aspiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A
  • dry crackling sound heard during both inspiration and expiration
  • occurs when inflamed visceral and parietal pleurae rub together
  • heard over spot where pt feels the pain
  • result of inflammatoin or neoplastic processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stridor Breath Sounds

A

continuous high-pitched wheeze hear with inspiration and expiration

indicates upper airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of Dyspnea

DOE

Orthopnea

Paroxsysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Dyspnea Borg Scale

A
  • DOE = brought on by activity
  • Orthopnea = inability to breathe in horizontal pos
  • Paroxsysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea = sudden inability to breathe during sleep
  • Dyspnea Borg Scale = 0-10
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A
  • an abnormal vasoconstrictor reflex
  • exacerbated by exposure to cold or emotional stress
  • affects mostly females
  • tips of fingers develop pallor and cyanosis
  • numbness, tingling and burning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Karvonen’s Method of Calculating THR

A
  1. HRmax = 220 - age
  2. THR =
    [.65\*(HR<sub>max</sub>- HR<sub>rest</sub>) + HR<sub>rest</sub>] 

[.90\*(HRmax - HRrest) + HRrest]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atelectasis

A
  • shrunken and airless state of lung, acute, chronic, complete or partial often w/ infection.
  • Presents with
    • p! on affected side,
    • dyspnea,
    • cyanosis,
    • drop in blood pressure,
    • tachycardia,
    • diminished or absent breath sounds,
    • dull or flat percussion,
    • fever
    • reduced chest excursion on affected side.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increased inspiration/expiration as the result of an increased rate/depth of respiration

  • results in depletion of CO2 (resp alkalosis) with accompanying symptoms
    • fall in BP, vasoconstriction, sometimes syncope, marked anxiety and wrist cramping
  • **immediate treatment = breathing into paper bag until CO2 returns to normal **
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

perfusion

A

volume of blood circulated through lungs

gravity dependent

*if pt has perfusion problems, treatment should occur with the involved side down*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sputum

A

Substance expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

  • Foul smell = anaerobic infection
  • purulent (yellow/green) = infection
  • frothy = pulmonary edema
  • mucoid (clear, thick) = cystic fibrosis or chronic cough
  • hemoptysis = blood in sputum
17
Q

ambulatory electrocardiography

A

“Holter Monitoring” ECG electrodes are placed on the chest and attached to a small battery powered monitor and carried in a pocket or in a small pouch around the neck. 24-48 hours or longer to evaluate cardiac rhythm, efficacy of medications, pacemaker function, paired with diary of pt symptoms.

18
Q

angiography

A
  • radiologic examination of blood vessels injected with a contrast medium.
  • part of coronary catheterization
  • demonstrates location of plaques in coronary arteries and the extent of occlusion)
19
Q

Bronchoscopy

A
  • direct visualization of the bronchial tree
  • diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
  • bronchoscope is a fiberoptic instrument that transmits an image to video camera
  • tumors, bronchitis, foreign bodies and bleeding
20
Q

Carotid Ultrasound

A
  • procedure uses sound waves to examine and visualize the structure and function of the carotid arteries.
  • indicate risk of stroke and evaluate placement of stent after ECA
21
Q

Grading Scale for Edema

A
  • 1+ = mild, barely perceptible indentation,
  • 2+ = mod, easily indentible; returns to normal within 15 seconds; 1/4-1/2 inch pitting
  • 3+ = severe. depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound; 1/2-1 inch depression
  • 4+ = very severe depression lasts for >30 sec; >1 in pitting
22
Q

Trendelenburg Test

(retrograde filling test)

A

Determines competence of communicating veins and saphenous system

  • pt supine w/ legs elevated 60 deg
  • tourniquet placed on prox thigh
  • patient asked to stand
  • examiner notes whether vein fills in normal pattern ~30 seconds
23
Q

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

Ratio of LE/UE SBP pressures

A
  • UE = Brachial, LE = Post Tib & dorsal pedis
  • Pt rest for 5 min in supine
  • BP cuff occludes flow temporarily, listen for return of flow.
  • Clinically sig change in ABI is >.15 or >.10 in symptomatic
  • Significance:
    • >1.4 = non-compliant arteries
    • 1.0-1.4 = NORMAL
    • .91-.99 = borderline
    • <.5 = exercise may not be beneficial
      *
24
Q

Pulse Assessment

A

0 = absent

1 + = diminished

2+ = easily palpable, normal

3+ = full pulse, increased strength

4+ = bounding

25
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure MAP

A

the arterial pressure within the large arteries over time.

MAP = (SBP+2*DBP)/3

Average= 70-110 mmHg

26
Q

Oxygen Saturation Terms

Hypoxemia

Hypoxia

Anoxia

A
  • Hypoxemia = low oxygen sat/paO2
  • Hypoxia = low oxygen levels in tissues
  • Anoxia = complete lack of oxygen
27
Q

Normal HR

Adults/Teenagers

Children

Newborn:

A

Adults: 60-100 (40-60 in aerobically trained)

Children: 60-140bpm

Newborn: avg 127; normal 90-164 bpm

28
Q

Diagnostic Tests: Chest X-Ray

A
  • lung fluids
  • overall cardiac shape/size (cardiomegaly)
  • aneurysm
29
Q

Diagnostic Tests: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

A
  • ischemic heart disease, MI
  • identifies, myocardial blood flow, areas of stress induced ischemia, old infarcts
  • Thallium-201 Scan: injected via IV, radio-isotopes concentrate in normal tissue but not in ischemic or infarcted tissue (cold spots)
30
Q

Diagnostic Tests: Cardiac Catheterization

A

passage of tiny tube from brachial or femoral artery through aorta into blood vessels with contrast medium and subsequent x-ray of coronary arteries

_**Allows determination of Ejection Fraction**_

31
Q

Diagnostic Tests: Central Line (swan-ganz catheter)

A

catheter inserted through R side of heart & measures:

  • central venous pressure CVP
  • pulmonary artery pressure PA
  • pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PWP
32
Q

Signs of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

A
  • _ST Segment Depression _
    • subendocardial ischemia
    • digitalis toxicity
    • hypokalemia
  • _ST Segment Elevation _
    • earliest sign of acute transmural infarction
    • benign early repolariz. in normal heart
  • _Inverted T-waves _

Boards: Cardiopulmonary & Lymphatic (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions