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1. Laboratory - Organ System Physiology > Lung Function > Flashcards

Lung Function Flashcards

1
Q

Define tidal volume (Vt)

A

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath

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2
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

The volume of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle

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3
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

The volume of air that can be inhaled above the Tidal volume

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4
Q

Define vital capacity (VC)

A

Tidal volume plus expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes

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5
Q

Define residual volume (RV)

A

Air left in lungs after maximum exhalation

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6
Q

Define total lung capacity (TLC)

A

Total volume of the lungs = vital capacity + residual volume

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7
Q

What is the normal values for tidal volume?

A

500 mls for males

500 mls for females

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8
Q

What is the normal values for expiratory reserve volume?

A

1000 mls for males

700 mls for females

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9
Q

What is the normal values for inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3300 mls for males

700 mls for females

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10
Q

What is the normal values for residual volume?

A

1200/6000 ml for males

1100/4200 ml for females

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11
Q

What is the normal values for vital capacity?

A

4800 mls for males

3100 mls for females

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12
Q

What is the equation for vital capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

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13
Q

What is the normal values for total lung capacity?

A

6L for Males

4.5 L for females

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14
Q

What is the equation for total lung capacity?

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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15
Q

What is respiration rate?

A

The number of breaths per minute

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16
Q

What is the normal values for respiration rate?

A

12 to 18 in a normal resting adult

17
Q

What is eupnea?

A

Quiet breathing

18
Q

What is used in eupnea?

A

The diaphragm and external and internal intercostal muscles

19
Q

What is hypernea?

A

Forced breathing

20
Q

What is used in hypernea?

A

Accessory muscles are used

21
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

The volume of air brought into the lungs every minute

22
Q

What is the normal values for minute ventilation?

A

6L for a 70 kg male

23
Q

What is the equation for minute ventilation?

A

Tidal volume x respiration rate

24
Q

What does ones tidal volume depend on?

A

It depends on their height

25
Q

What can peak expiratory flow rate be used for?

A

For the monitoring and progression of asthma

26
Q

What is peak flow rate?

A

The maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter

27
Q

What is PEFR?

A

Peak expiratory flow rate

28
Q

List some obstructive disorders.

A

Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = chronic bronchitis or emphysema or both together
Cystic fibrosis
Lung cancer/tumours

29
Q

What are PFTs?

A

Pulmonary function tests

30
Q

What are pulmonary function tests used for?

A

They are used to diagnose and monitor pulmonary diseases

31
Q

What is FVC?

A

Forced vital capacity

32
Q

What if FEV1?

A

Forced Expiratory Volume after 1second

33
Q

What three things indicate obstructive disorders?

A

Normal or slightly low Forced vital capacity

Low Forced Expiratory Volume after 1 second

Low ratio, E.g. 40-50%

34
Q

List some restrictive disorders.

5

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Damage to rib cage

Skeletal disorder e.g. scoliosis

Muscular disorder e.g. muscular dystrophy

Pulmonary edema

35
Q

What three things indicate restrictive disorders?

A

Very low FVC

Low FEV1

High or normal ratio e.g 90% (as both are low so ratio can be high)

36
Q

How do you find the FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Put FEV1 over FVC

37
Q

How do you find FVC from a graph?

A

Find the point where the graph plateaus and then go across to the y axis to find your answer in Litres

38
Q

How do you find FEV1 from a graph?

A

Go to one second on the x axis and go up to your graph, then go across to the y axis to find your answer in Litres

1. Laboratory - Organ System Physiology (9 decks)

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