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1. Laboratory - Organ System Physiology > Haematology Practical > Flashcards

Haematology Practical Flashcards

1
Q

What three things are you required to be able to do in this laboratory?

A

Measurement of Haematocrit

Blood smear - identify formed elements

Differential WBC count

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2
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Plasma and formed elememts

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3
Q

What is plasma composed of?

A

Water

Plasma proteins

Organic material

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4
Q

What three formed elements make up blood?

A

RBCs

WBCs

Platelets

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5
Q

How do you measure a haematocrit?

5

A

Fill a capillary tube about 3/4 of the way with blood

Plug the bottom end of the capillary tube with plasticine (end you used to pick up the blood)

Balance and spin a centrifuge for five minutes

Measure the height up to the buffy layer

Calculate the fraction/% and record H’crit

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6
Q

What are the three layers that appear after a whole blood sample is cecntrifuged?

A

Plasma

Buffy coat

Erythrocytes

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7
Q

Approximately what fraction of whole blood is plasma?

A

55%

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8
Q

Approximately what fraction of whole blood is the buffy coat?

A

Less than 1%

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9
Q

Approximately what fraction of whole blood is the erythrocytes?

A

45%

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10
Q

List some factors that raise H’crit.

4

A

Blood doping - EPO hormone

Dehydration

Polycythemia vera - too many rbcs

High altitude - need more oxygen - more rbcs

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11
Q

List some factors that lower H’crit

3

A

Haemorrhage

Anaemia

Too much water

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12
Q

What percentage of formed elements are rbcs?

A

99.9%

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13
Q

What are the five main leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

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14
Q

How do rbcs look under a microscope?

A

Small
Pale centre
Red

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15
Q

How do you identify a Neutrophil?

3

A

Neutral cytoplasm - slightly pink

3-5 lobes (purple)

Granulated cytoplasm

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16
Q

How do you identify an eosinophil?

4

A

Pink cytoplasm

Red granules

2 lobes

Granulated cytoplasm

17
Q

How do you identify a basophil?

4

A

Large, dark granules

Light pink cytoplasm - hard to see because of granules

Bilobed nucleus

Granulated cytoplasm

18
Q

How do you identify a lymphocyte?

A

Small amount of blue cytoplasm

Large nucleus - dark

Agranular cytoplasm

19
Q

How do you identify a monocyte?

4

A

Bilobed nucleus - horseshoe shaped

Grey cytoplasm

Dark nucleus

Agranular

20
Q

How do you carry out a differential WBC count?

2

A

Count 100 white blood cells - making note of each cells type as you do so

Calculate the percentage of each WBC type

21
Q

What is a differential count used for?

A

To detect infections, inflammation and allergic reactions

22
Q

How do you remember the order of leukocytes according to their % in a blood smear?

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

1. Laboratory - Organ System Physiology (9 decks)

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