Lung Cancer

Question 1

What are risk factors for bronchus carcinomas?

Answer 1

Cigarette smoking, passive smoking, asbestos

Question 2

What is the main risk factor for malignant mesothelioma?

Answer 2

Asbestos

Question 3

Where do malignant mesotheliomas usually occur?

Answer 3

In the pleura

Question 4

What are symptoms of a bronchus carcinoma?

Answer 4

Cough, haemoptysis, dyspnoea, chest pain, weight loss, recurrent pneumonia

Question 5

What are signs of a bronchus carcinoma?

Answer 5

Cachexia, anaemia, clubbing

Question 6

What chest signs can there be in a bronchus carcinoma?

Answer 6

Consolidation, collapse, pleural effusion

Question 7

How does malignant mesothelioma present?

Answer 7

Chest pain, dyspnoea, weight loss, recurrent pleural effusion

Question 8

What does a CXR look like in bronchus carcinoma?

Answer 8

Peripheral nodule, hilar enlargement, consolidation

Question 9

What other investigations would you do?

Answer 9

Sputum and pleural effusion cytology, fine needle aspiration, bronchoscopy, lung function tests

Question 10

What investigation can help to stage?

Answer 10

PET-CT

Question 11

What investigations would you do for malignant mesothelioma?

Answer 11

CXR, pleural fluid (it will be bloody)

Question 12

How do you manage malignant mesotheliomas?

Answer 12

Chemotherapy

Question 13

How do you treat NSCLC?

Answer 13

Lobectomy, if not possible radiotherapy and chemo if needed

Question 14

How do you treat SCLC?

Answer 14

Surgery if possible, chemo + radiotherapy

Question 15

What are some local complications of a bronchus carcinoma?

Answer 15

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, phrenic nerve palsy, SVC obstruction

Question 16

Where can a bronchus carcinoma spread?

Answer 16

Brain, bone, liver, adrenal

Question 17

Give some examples of NSCLC

Answer 17

Squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell

Question 18

What are small cells also known as?

Answer 18

Oat cells

Question 19

What staging is used for NSCLC?

Answer 19

TMN

Question 20

What is stage I?

Answer 20

Small tumour

Question 21

What is stage II?

Answer 21

Small/medium tumour with/without some node involement

Question 22

What is stage IIIa?

Answer 22

Medium tumour with some node involvement

Question 23

What is stage IIIb?

Answer 23

Big tumour with nodes on both sides of mediastinum

Question 24

What is stage IV?

Answer 24

Mets

Question 25

What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

Answer 25

Adenocarcinoma

Question 26

What lung cancers are associated with smokers?

Answer 26

Small cell lung carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma

Question 27

What can small cell carcinomas secrete?

Answer 27

ADH, ACTH

Question 28

What can squamous cell carcinomas secrete?

Answer 28

Parathyroid hormone-related protein