Lung cancer Flashcards
Definition
Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the lungs. It is one of the most common types of cancer and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Aetiology/ causes
The primary cause of lung cancer is exposure to tobacco smoke, either through smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.
Other risk factors for lung cancer include exposure to radon, air pollution, workplace toxins, and a family history of the disease.
Risk factors
Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
Other risk factors include exposure to radon, air pollution, and workplace toxins such as asbestos, arsenic, and diesel exhaust.
Epidemiology/ Population affected
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths per year.
It is more common in men than in women and is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 65.
Clinical presentation
Persistent cough
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Weight loss
Coughing up blood.
Prognosis
The prognosis for lung cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the person’s overall health.
If the cancer is detected early, before it has spread to other parts of the body, the prognosis is generally better.
However, lung cancer is often not detected until it has reached an advanced stage, which can make treatment more difficult and the prognosis less favourable.
DDX
Pneumonia
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Tuberculosis.
Other types of cancer can also cause similar symptoms.
DDX
Pneumonia
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Tuberculosis.
Other types of cancer can also cause similar symptoms.
