COPD - Chronic bronchitis

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that involves inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to a chronic cough and difficulty breathing.

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

The primary cause of chronic bronchitis is exposure to irritants that damage the lungs, such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes.

In some cases, chronic bronchitis may be caused by a genetic predisposition.

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

The main risk factor for chronic bronchitis is smoking, particularly long-term heavy smoking.

Other risk factors can include exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, and occupational exposure to dust and chemical fumes.

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

Chronic bronchitis is a common lung disease, particularly in people over the age of 40 who have a history of smoking.

According to the WHO, it is estimated that over 210 million people worldwide have COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis.

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

The primary symptom of chronic bronchitis is a persistent cough that produces mucus or phlegm.

Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue. These symptoms may be worse during physical activity or in environments with poor air quality.

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for chronic bronchitis varies depending on the severity of the disease and the person’s overall health.

Treatment can help to manage the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and slow the progression of the disease, but it cannot reverse the damage that has already occurred in the lungs.

In severe cases, chronic bronchitis can lead to respiratory failure and death.

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

Lung diseases, such as emphysema and asthma.

Other conditions that can cause respiratory symptoms include heart failure, pneumonia, and lung cancer