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MSK basics > lumbar back - 2 anatomy (all) > Flashcards

lumbar back - 2 anatomy (all) Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical spine are there

A

7

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2
Q

number of thoracic spine

A

12

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3
Q

number of lumbar spine

A

5

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4
Q

number of sacral spine

A

5 fused

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5
Q

where do we find kyphotic curves

A

thoracic and sacral region

stable

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6
Q

where do we find lordodic curves in the spine

A

cervical and lumbar region

greater mobility

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7
Q

where are the pedicles found in the vert

A

right next to the vert body

connecting the body to the anterior arch

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8
Q

what is the function of the spinous process

A

serves as levers for the back extensors

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9
Q

cervical SP

A

thin and horizontal

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10
Q

thoracic SP

A

long and downwardly inclined

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11
Q

lumbar

A

thick and horizontal

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12
Q

what is the par interarticularis

A

the region between the sup and inf facet

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13
Q

what is spondylosis

A

this is a defect in the pars

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14
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

this is a fracture of the pars

this causes a shift

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15
Q

where does most spondylolisthesis occur

A

L5

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16
Q

what is the function of TP

A

levers for lateral flexors and rot

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17
Q

what region of the spine do we have the most movement

A

the lumbar and the cervical region

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18
Q

when does the spinal cord end

A

L1-L2

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19
Q

what is sacralization

A

when L5 or part of L5 fuses to the sacrum

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20
Q

what is lumbarlization

A

this is the incomplete fusion of S1 to the rest of the sacrum

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21
Q

what part of the disc is vulnerable to tearing

A

the annulus fibrosis

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22
Q

facet orientation - cervical

A

transverse plane

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23
Q

facet orientation - lower cervical

A

between the frontal and transverse plane

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24
Q

facet orientation - thoracic

A

frontal

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25
Q

facet orientation - upper lumbar

A

saggittal plane

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26
Q

facet orientation - lower lumbar

A

saggittal plane and frontal plane

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27
Q

what are the two structure of the disc

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosis

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28
Q

what happens to the nucleus pulpous

A

by the end of the first decade the gel begins to be replaced by the end of the first decade

by 60 the nucleus fibrosis not distinguished from the annulus fibrous

29
Q

post lateral ligament in the lumbar spine

A

its denticulates and this allows for disc herniations in this region

post-lat disc herniation

30
Q

what is myelopathy

A

compression of the cord

31
Q

what is radiculopathy

A

describe pinching of the nerve roots as they exit the spinal cord

32
Q

what is lumbar spinal stenosis

A

this is narrowinng of the spinal canal

33
Q

what is an example of cause of myelopathy

A

spinal stenosis - this is narrowing of the

34
Q

what is the function of unisegemtnal muscles

A

they stablize ajoining vert for the more effective action of the larger spinal muscles

35
Q

what is the function of the suboccipital muscles

A

control movement of the skull in nodding and rotation

made up of three muscles

36
Q

what is the function of the erector spinae - longissium

A

extension and lateral flexion of the spine and neck

37
Q

what is the function of the mutlifudus

A

extension of the back

38
Q

erector spinea - semispinalis

A

extension and contralateral rot of the spine

39
Q

what are the typical cervical spine

A

C3 - C6

40
Q

what are the atypical cervical spine

A

C2 C1 C7

41
Q

what is the transverse foremen

A

this is for the vert artery

42
Q

what is the articular pillar

A

column formed by the sup and inf articular process

C2 - C7

43
Q

where is the intervert foremen located

A

between the sup and inf noteches of the pedicles

44
Q

does C1 have body

A

no

45
Q

does C1 have SP

A

no

46
Q

what is the function of the C2 vert

A

pivot on which the atlas rotates

47
Q

what is the den

A

the otontoid process

this is found on the axis and is what spins on the atlas

48
Q

does C2 have a SP

A

yes

large and bifid

49
Q

does C2 have a TP

A

yes

found underneath the mastoid

50
Q

What is the function of the long ligament in the cerivcal spine

A

reinforces the intervert joint

51
Q

what is the tectorial membrane

A

the crannial extension of the posterior long ligament

52
Q

what is the function of the alar ligament

A

limit axial rotation and lateral bending on the contralateral side, and flexion secondarily

53
Q

what is the function of the AO joint

A

nodding

54
Q

what is the function of AA joint

A

rotation

55
Q

what is the function of the transverse ligament

A

keeping the dens on the C1 during movement

56
Q

what is the function of the cruciform ligament

A

prevents abnormal movements of the atlanto-axial joint

57
Q

where does the cruciform ligament extend to

A

one up to the occipital bone

small band extends down to the body of the axis

58
Q

what is rot limited by

A

the alar ligament

59
Q

what is the total range of the AA joint

A

45

60
Q

what do the scalene attach to

A

the ribs

61
Q

scalene medius attachment

A

1st rib

62
Q

scalene posterior attachment

A

2nd rib

63
Q

what is the function of suboccipital muscle

A

control movement of the head in nodding and rot

64
Q

what do we find the subocciptal triangle

A

vert art

C1 DPR - the suboccipital nerve

65
Q

where does the vert art travel through

A

C1 - C6 in the transverse canal

side of the neck

66
Q

what are the 5 D’s

A

dipolpia

dysphagia

dysarrthria

drop attack

dizziness

67
Q

what are the 3 N’s

A

nystagmus

numbness

nausea/vomiting

68
Q

where is the vert art most vunerable

A

the subocciptial triangle

MSK basics (20 decks)

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