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MSK basics > Ankle 1 - anatomy > Flashcards

Ankle 1 - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three joint of the ankle

A

distal tib fib joint

talocural joint

subtalar joint

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2
Q

what is the talocrual joint

A

articulation between the tib/fib and the talus

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3
Q

what is the subtalar joint

A

between the talus and the calcaneus

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4
Q

is the cuboid medial or lateral

A

lateral

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5
Q

what border the navicular bone

A

the talus and the medial cuneiform

on the medial side

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6
Q

what bones make up the rear foot

A

the calcaneus and the talus

the forefoot is everything else

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7
Q

what two joint make up the line between the rearfoor and the forefoot

A

talonavicular and Calcaneal-cuboid

the two joints of the mid foot

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8
Q

what arch of the foot deals with most of the body weight

A

the medial arch

it is flexible and can absorb shock

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9
Q

what makes up the medial longitudinal arch

A

first met
medial cunieform
navicular
calcaneus

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10
Q

what makes up the lateral long arch

A

calcaneus
cuboid
5th met

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11
Q

what is the collective name for the medial ligaments of the ankle

A

deltoid ligaments

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of the deltoid ligament

A

5 ligaments

strong fibrous structure

connects the tibia to the: navicular, calcaneus, and talus

stablizes the medial ankle

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13
Q

what are the ligaments found in the deltoid triangle

A

tibionavicular

platar calcaneonavicular

Long plantar ligament

anterior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar

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14
Q

what do the plantar ligaments stabilize

A

the medial long arch

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15
Q

what are the lateral lig of the ankle

A

ant tibfib

ant talofib
post talofib

  1. Calcaneal fibular
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16
Q

ant tibfib ligament is associated with what ankle sprain

A

high ankle sprain

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17
Q

ant tibfib resists what motion

A

PF and EV

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18
Q

ant talofib characteristic

A

most commonly impacted

stressed with INV+PF

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19
Q

what are the posterior ligaments of the ankle

A

post tib fib

post talofib

post tibotalar

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20
Q

what ligaments are associated with chronic ankle sprains

A

subtalar ligaments

medial and lateral talocalcaneal lig

interosseus

cervical ligament

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21
Q

where does the plantar fascia orginate

A

the medial tubercle of the calcaneus

from there is extends out to the toes

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22
Q

what are the four compartments of the lower leg

A

anterior

lateral

deep post
sup post

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23
Q

what muscles do we find in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

tib ant

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallicus longus

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24
Q

what nerve is found in the anterior compartment

A

deep peroneal nerve

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25
Q

what is found in the lateral compartment

A

peroneus longus and brevis

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26
Q

what is the nerve for the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial peroneal nerve

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27
Q

what is in the superfical post compartment

A

plantaris
gastroc
soleus

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28
Q

what is the nerve for the sup-post compartment

A

tibial nerve

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29
Q

what is found in the deep post compartment

A

tib post

flexor hallicus longus

flexor digitorumlingus

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30
Q

what is the nerve for the deep-post compartment

A

the tibial nerve

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31
Q

what is the action of the tib ant

A

DF and inv

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32
Q

what is the action of the extensor digitorumn longus

A

extends the toes (2-5)

DF and EV

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33
Q

what is the action of the extensor hallicus longus

A

extends the big toe

DF and EV

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34
Q

Tibialis Anterior insertion point

A

medial cuneiform to the base of the 1st met

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35
Q

Ext Digitorum longus insertion point

A

middle and distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

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36
Q

Ext Hallicus Longus insertion point

A

base of the distal phalanx

37
Q

what is the action of the gastroc

A

PF of the foot and ankle

38
Q

what is the action of the soleus

A

PF of foot and ankle

39
Q

what is the action of the plantaris

A

weak PF

40
Q

what is the action of the tib post

A

PF and inv

41
Q

what is the action of the flexor digitorium longus

A

flexes toe 2-5

PF and inv

42
Q

what is the action of the flexor hallicus longus

A

flexes the great toe

PF and inv

43
Q

what is the deep post compartment important in resisting

A

resisting pronation of the foot

44
Q

what is the order of the medial portion of the deep post compartment tendons and nerves

A

tib post
FDL tendon
posterior tibial art
post tib nerve
FHL tendon

45
Q

where does the tib post insert into

A

navicular

cuneiform

cuboid

46
Q

what is the insertion of FDL

A

bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

47
Q

what is the insertions of the FHL

A

base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

48
Q

what is the action of the peronus longus

A

PF and everts

PF the first ray

49
Q

what is the action of the peronus brevis

A

PF and everts

50
Q

what is the insertion of the peroneus longus

A

medial foot near the first met

51
Q

what is the insertion of the peroneus brevis

A

othe styloid of the 5th met

52
Q

is there any vascularization in the lateral comartment

A

no

53
Q

what is the vasculature of the anterior compartment

A

ant tibial art

54
Q

what is the vaculature of the post compartment

A

posterior tibial art

55
Q

what is the tarsal tunnel

A

the is underneath the medial malleolus

where all the flexor tendon run

56
Q

what is tarsal tunnel syndrome - mech

A

neurovaculare compromise of the tibial nerve or the posterior tibial art

space occupying lesion in the tarsal tunnel that creates compression

57
Q

what is tarsal tunnel syndrome - presentation

A

burning
pin and needles
temp changes to the bottom aspect of the foot

58
Q

what are some examples of space occupying lesion that causes tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammed tendon

increased fluid and swelling in the tarsal tunnel

mass of tissue

59
Q

sagittal plane foot movement

A

PF and DF

60
Q

do you normally have more PF or DF

A

PF

61
Q

what is the normal amount of DF

A

15 - 20

62
Q

what is the normal about of PF

A

30 - 50

63
Q

what is the movement seen at the talocural joint

A

PF and DF

64
Q

do we have more inv or evr

A

inv

65
Q

what is the normal inv ROM

A

25 - 30

66
Q

what is normal evr ROM

A

5 -15

67
Q

what joint provides for inv and evr

A

the subtalar joint

also allows some abd/add

68
Q

what are the two mid-tarsal joint axises

A

longitudinal and oblique

69
Q

what is the overall movement we see at the midtarsal joint

A

Env/inv

DF/PF

70
Q

whta movements do we see at the longitudinal axis

A

eversion

inversion

71
Q

what movement do we see at the oblique axis

A

DF/abd (pronation)

PF/add (supination)

72
Q

is there any primary joint that provides for abd and add

A

nope

73
Q

what is the triplane motion we find in the ankle

A

pronation and supination

74
Q

what movement make up supination

A

PF - talocural, oblique

ADD - multi-joint

inversion - subtalar, longitudinal

75
Q

what movements make up pronation

A

DF - talocural, oblique

ABD - multi-joint

IN - subtalar, longitudinal

76
Q

what direction does the calcaneus go with pronation

A

in

77
Q

what direction does the calcaneus go with supination

A

out

78
Q

how much motion of the first MTP do you need for normal gait

A

75-deg

79
Q

in which part of gait when does the forefoot joint become more mobile

A

loading to midstance

80
Q

is the foot more mobile in pronation or supination

A

pronation

81
Q

in which part of gait does the forefoot become more rigid

A

mid-stance to toe-off

82
Q

what are the ottowa ankle rules

A

pain in the malleolar or midfoot

either

inability to weight bear imm after the injury of four steps in the ED

or

bone tenderness of the posterior edge of the tib or fib or medial or lateral mall

bone tenderness at the navicular or base of 5th met

83
Q

what is the purpose of the Ottowas ankle rules

A

to determine the need for radiographs after an acute ankle issue

84
Q

what is the OPP for the talocural joint

A

PF: 20-30

85
Q

what is the closed packed position for the talo cural joint

A

max DF

86
Q

what is the OPP for the subtalar joint

A

middle position

87
Q

what is the CPP for the subtalar joint

A

max ext

88
Q
A

MSK basics (20 decks)

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