LT#3: Organic Chemical Reactions Flashcards
The most reactive part of any organic molecule is…
The functional group
What occurs during an addition reaction?
A double or triple bond is broken, and atoms are attached onto the organic.
When are two isomers made in additions?
When both reactants are asymmetrical.
How do you determine which isomer will be the major product in an addition?
Markovnikov’s Rule states the functional group is usually attached to the more substituted C, creating the major.
What occurs during an elimination reaction?
Atoms are removed from a molecule to form a double or triple bond.
When are two isomers made in eliminations?
When the organic molecule is asymmetrical around the functional group being removed.
How do you determine which isomer will be the major product in an elimination?
Markovnikov’s Rule states that the H on the more substituted carbon is usually removed with the functional group, creating the major.
What occurs during a substitution reaction?
A hydrogen or functional group is replaced with a different group.
What occurs during an oxidation reaction?
Forms more C-O bonds or less C-H bonds.
Start by changing any C-O’s to C=O’s.
Then substitute an H with an OH.
What type of chemical is required to cause an oxidation reaction?
How are they represented in equations?
Oxidizing agent (removes H’s or supplies OH’s to organic)
Short form [O]
What occurs during a reduction reaction?
Forms less C-O bonds or more C-H bonds.
Start by substituting any OH`s with H.
Then change C=O’s to C-O’s.
What type of chemical is required to cause a reduction reaction?
How are they represented in equations?
Reducing agent (supplies H’s or removes OH’s from organic).
Short form [H]
What occurs during a condensation reaction?
Two organic molecules join releasing water.
What occurs during a hydrolysis reaction?
Water splits an organic molecule into two smaller organics.
You can only break C-O or C-N bonds.
