LT#1&2: Alcohols, Alkyl Halides, Ethers and Amines

Question 1

Alcohols contain which functional group?

Answer 1

Hydroxyl (C-OH)

Question 2

What is the general formula for Alcohols?

Answer 2

ROH

Question 3

How are Alcohols classified as primary, secondary and tertiary?

Answer 3

By counting how many carbons are attached to the carbon with the hydroxyl

Question 4

What additional rules do you need to follow when naming an alcohol?

Answer 4

1. Use the suffix “ol”
2. OH groups take numbering priority over alkyl groups.
3. Add position # of the OH group in front of the suffix.
4. If more than one OH group, use molecular prefixes.
5. If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the e on the parent name.

Question 5

Describe the Melting Point of Alcohols

Answer 5

Hydroxyl creates HB, which raises MP compared to Alkanes.

Question 6

Describe the Solubility of Alcohols

Answer 6

Hydroxyl makes HB with water, which increases the solubility compared to Alkanes.

Question 7

Alkyl Halides contain which functional group?

Answer 7

Halogen (F, Cl, Br or I)

Question 8

What is the general formula for alkyl halides?

Answer 8

RX where X is a halogen

Question 9

How do you name an alkyl halide?

Answer 9

Name the parent chain, then add position numbers and the appropriate prefix (fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo) for the halogen.

Question 10

Describe the melting point of alkyl halides

Answer 10

Adding a halogen creates DDs, which increases MP compared to Alkanes.

Question 11

Describe the solubility of alkyl halides.

Answer 11

If halogen is F, then can accept HB from water.

Other halogens create DD with water.

This makes them all have higher solubility than Alkanes.

Question 12

Ethers contain which functional group?

Answer 12

Alkoxy (C-O-C)

Question 13

What is the general formula for ethers?

Answer 13

ROR’

Question 14

How do you name an ether?

Answer 14

1. Name the longest carbon chain as the parent chain
2. Name the short carbon chain is the alkoxy group. Name it by using the carbon prefix then “oxy” instead of “yl”. Alkoxy groups take # priority over other alkyl groups.

Question 15

Describe the melting point of ethers.

Answer 15

Alkoxy group creates DDs, which raise MP compared to Alkanes.

Question 16

Describe the solubility of ethers.

Answer 16

Alkoxy accepts HB from water which increases solubility compared to Alkanes.

Question 17

Amines contain which functional group?

Answer 17

Amine (NH2, NH or N)

Question 18

How are amines classified as primary, secondary and tertiary?

Answer 18

By counting how many carbons are attached to the N

Question 19

What is the general formula of amines?

Answer 19

RNR’2

Question 20

How do you name an amine?

Answer 20

1. Name the longest alkyl group as the parent chain.
2. Drop the e of the parent and use the suffix “amine”.
3. Use position # if there is more than one possible place for the N on the parent. N takes number priority over other alkyl groups.
4. Name any other alkyl groups attached to the parent chain as the prefix.
5. Name any alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen using N as the position #. Place these in front of the prefix.

Question 21

Describe the melting point of amines.

Answer 21

All are higher than Alkanes. Forces depend on class.

Primary - 2 HBs

Secondary - 1 HB

Tertiary - 1 DD

Question 22

Describe the solubility of amines.

Answer 22

All higher than Alkanes. Forces depend on class.

Primary - makes 2 HB

Secondary - makes 1 HB

Tertiary - accepts 1 HB

Question 23

Amines smell…

Answer 23

Fishy