LT#1&2: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Flashcards
Aldehydes and Ketones contain which functional group?
Carbonyl (C=O)
How are Ketones structurally different than Aldehydes?
Aldehydes have carbonyl at end of chain, Ketones somewhere in the chain.
What is the general formula for aldehydes?
RCHO
What is the general formula for ketones?
RCOR’
What additional naming rules do you use for naming aldehydes and ketones?
- Use the suffix “al” for aldehydes, and “one” for ketones.
- C=O groups take numbering priority over alkyl groups.
- For ketones, add position # of the C=O group in front of the suffix.
- If more than one C=O group, use molecular prefixes.
- Drop the e of the parent if the suffix begins with a vowel.
Describe the Melting Point of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Carbonyl creates DD, which increase MP compared to alkanes.
Describe the Solubility of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Carbonyl can accept a HB from water which increases solubility compared to alkanes.
Aldehydes smell…
Pungent
Ketones smell…
Sweet
Carboxylic acids contain which functional group?
Carboxyl (C=O with OH on same carbon)
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
RCOOH
What additional naming rules do you use for naming carboxylic acids?
- Drop the e of the parent and use the suffix “oic acid”
2. Carboxyl groups take numbering priority over alkyl groups.
Describe the Melting Point of carboxylic acids.
Carboxyl creates 1 HB and 1 DD, which increases MP compared to Alkanes.
Describe the Solubility of carboxylic acids.
Carboxyl makes 1 HB and accepts 1 HB, which increases solubility compared to Alkanes.
Which H on a carboxylic acid is able to be donated?
The H on the OH part of the carboxyl group.
