LT#2: Functional Groups and Properties Flashcards
What is the difference between making and accepting a HB?
The molecule that has an H directly attached to an O, N, or F is making the HB.
The molecule that provides the lone pair an an O, N or F accepts the HB.
Accepting HBs only affects a compound’s solubility (not MP).
Compound that can make HBs have slightly higher solubilities than those that can only accept.
What affect does a C=C functional group have on Melting Point?
Makes molecule smaller so lowers LD, which decreases MP.
What affect does a C=C functional group have on Solubility?
No Effect
What affect does a C to C Triple Bond functional group have on Melting Point?
Introduces linear shape increasing surface area. This makes LDs stronger, which increases MP.
What affect does a C to C Triple Bond functional group have on Solubility?
No Effect
The C-OH functional group is called a…
Hydroxyl group
What affect does a C-OH functional group have on Melting Point?
Allows molecule to HB, which increases MP.
What affect does a C-OH functional group have on Solubility?
Allows molecule to make a HB with water, which increases solubility.
The C-O-C functional group is called a…
Alkoxy group
What affect does a C-O-C functional group have on Melting Point?
Allows molecule to DD, which increases MP.
What affect does a C-O-C functional group have on Solubility?
Allows molecule to accept a HB from water, which increases solubility.
When a N is bonded to 1 or more carbons the functional group is called an…
Amine group
What affect does an amine functional group have on Melting Point?
All classifications increase MP.
Primary - Makes 2 HB
Secondary - Makes 1 HB
Tertiary - Makes 1 DD
What affect does an amine functional group have on Solubility?
All classification increase solubility.
Primary - Makes 2 HB
Secondary - Makes 1 HB
Tertiary - Accepts 1 HB
The C=O functional group is called a…
Carbonyl
What affect does a C=O functional group have on Melting Point?
Allows molecule to DD, which increases MP.
What affect does a C=O functional group have on Solubility?
Allows molecule to accept a HB from water, which increases solubility.
The funcional group with a carbonyl and hydroxyl on the same carbon is called a…
Carboxyl group
What affect does a carboxyl functional group have on Melting Point?
Allows molecule to make 1 HB and 1 DD, which increases MP.
What affect does a carboxyl functional group have on solubility?
Allows molecule to make 1 HB and accept 1 HB, which increases solubility
The funcional group with a carbonyl and alkoxy on the same carbon is called a…
Ester group
What affect does an ester functional group have on Melting Point?
Allows molecule to create 2 DDs, which increases MP, compared to Alkanes.
What affect does an ester functional group have on Solubility?
Allows the molecules to accept 2 HB from water, which increases solubility.
The funcional group with a carbonyl and amine on the same carbon is called a…
Amide group
What affect does an amide functional group have on Melting Point?
All classifications increase MP.
Primary - Makes 2 HB and 1 DD
Secondary - Makes 1 HB and and 1 DD
Tertiary - Makes 2 DD
What affect does having an amide fuctional group have on solubility?
All classifications increase Solubility.
Primary - Makes 2 HB and accepts 1 HB
Secondary - Makes 1 HB and accepts 1 HB
Tertiary - Accepts 2 HB from water
How does the size of a molecule affect its Melting Point?
The larger the molecule, the stronger the LDs, which increases MP.
How does the size of a molecule affect its solubility?
The larger the molecule, the less polar it is overall, which decreases its solubility.
