LT#1&2: Naming System and Alkanes

Question 1

What does the Root of an organic name indicate?

Answer 1

How many carbons are in the main chain.

Question 2

List the organic prefixes used as roots in organic names.

Answer 2

1 = meth      
2 = eth        
3 = prop      
4 = but       
5 = pent     
6 = hex
7 = hept
8 = oct
9 = non
10 = dec

Question 3

What does the Suffix of an organic name indicate?

Answer 3

What family the chemical belongs to.

Question 4

What does the Prefix of an organic name indicate?

Answer 4

The type, number and location of any branches.

Question 5

How do you indicate the length of a branch

Answer 5

Organic prefix for # of carbons than “yl”.

Question 6

How do you show there is multiple of the same type of branch?

Answer 6

Use molecular prefix in front of branch name.

Question 7

If there is more than one type of branch how do you list them?

Answer 7

Alphabetical order (but don’t look at molecular prefixes if present).

Question 8

What characters separate numbers and letters in an organic name?

Answer 8

Commas between numbers beside each other.

Hyphens between numbers and letters.

Question 9

How do you recognize an Alkane?

Answer 9

Aliphatic hydrocarbons that only contain single bonds.

Question 10

Alkanes are described as being saturated. Why?

Answer 10

Each carbon is bonded to the maximum possible number of atoms.

Question 11

The general formula of Alkanes is?

Answer 11

CnH2n+2

Question 12

Which suffix is used to name an alkane?

Answer 12

“ane”

Question 13

Which end do you start numbering the main chain from?

Answer 13

The one that gives branches the lowest possible numbers.

Question 14

Describe the melting point of alkanes. Explain why.

Answer 14

Low to Med

All are non-polar molecules using LDFs.

The larger the alkane the higher the MP.

Question 15

Describe the solubility of alkanes in water. Explain why.

Answer 15

Low

Water can only attract them with weak DIDs.