LRI Pharmacology Flashcards
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, & Clarithromycin
Macrolides; Use on ATYPICALS; resistant to S. pneumoniae; QT prolongation
Penicillins + beta lactamase inhibitor (drug combo names)
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (PO only); Ampicillin/Sulbactam ; Pip/Tazo (IV only)
Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime, Cefdinir, Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin’s; no Atypical;
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ACEB) 3 microbes and TX
S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenza; if PT is moderately ill with cough and purulent sputum give Macrolides 3-5 days/5-7 hospitalized
Treatment for HAP or VAP
Vancomycin or linezolid
+ Pip/Tazo or Cefepime or ceftazidime
+ cipro or levofloxacin
What is the most common drug used to treat outpatients for COVID-19;
Remdisvir; IV only
How soon from SX onset should you give Remdisvir for COVID TX?
Within 7 days
Why cant Molnupiravir be given to patients under 18y/o?
It will cause bone and cartilage toxicity
This COVID-19 drug can be used in patients over 12y/o as outpatient tx; should be administered within 5 days of SX onset; and has multiple drug-drug interactions
Paxlovid
What COVID-19 tx is contraindicated for patients who are currently breastfeeding?
Molnupiravir
What COVID-19 drug is proven to shorten time to clinical improvement only?
Remdisvir
What corticosteroid should be used in TX for COVID-19
Dexamethasone
What are the two respiratory fluoroquinolones that can be used for empirical tx of pneumonia because of their activity against S. pneumoniae?
Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
Why is Ciprofloxin not considered a respiratory fluoroquinolone?
It lacks activity against S. pneumoniae
When should an anti-viral or neuramidase inhibitor be administered for flu exposure?
most effective when started as early as possible
-ideally within 48hrs
What is the most common drug used for treatment and prophylaxis of the flu?
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
What is the recommended treatment duration for Oseltamivir?
5 days of treatment
Oseltamivir can be given to patients _____age and older for treatment
2 weeks of age and older
What is the second common drug for treatment of the flu, its route, and the youngest age patient to which it can be prescribed?
Zanamivir
Inhaled
7 years of age or older
What is the best flu drug used in the treatment of pregnant patiens?
Oseltamivir
What flu anti-viral drug is contraindicated in a patient with COPD, Asthma, or an infection?
Zanamivir
What anti-viral is used to treat influenza for a patient who is NPO
Peramivir; VERY $$$
What is the ABX tx for pertussis?
<1 month old give Macrolides (Azithromycin)
All others TMP/SMX -or- “Bactrim”
Treatment: Begin drug tx within 3 days of SX onset with Azithromycin or Bactrim, & isolate patient for 5 days
Pertussis treatment
