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Microbiology > LP2 Virology > Flashcards

LP2 Virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

A DNA Herpesviridae virus that often produces no symptoms but can severely affect AIDS patients and congenitally infected children.

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2
Q

Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)

A

A DNA Herpesviridae virus that causes both chickenpox and shingles.

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3
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

A

A DNA Herpesviridae virus that causes infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma (cancer).

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4
Q

Herpes Simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1)

A

A DNA Herpesviridae virus that most often causes fever blisters (cold sores) and other lesions of the oral cavity, and less often causes genital lesions.

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5
Q

Herpes Simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2)

A

A DNA Herpesviridae virus that typically causes genital herpes but can also cause oral lesions.

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6
Q

Roseola Infantum

A

A DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family that causes a disease of infants and small children; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6).

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7
Q

Herpesviridae

A

A DNA family of virus’s that contain 6 sub viruses that include Varicella-Zoster, Herpes Simplex type 1 and type 2, Epstein-Barr, CMV and Roseola. Some can be latent infections that remain dormant in neurons.

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8
Q

Parvoviridae

A

A DNA virus family that causes Fifth Disease.

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9
Q

Poxviridae

A

A DNA virus family that causes small pox.

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10
Q

Hepadnaviridae

A

A DNA virus family that causes Hepatitis B and Liver cancer.

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11
Q

Papovaviridae

A

A DNA virus family that includes the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause benign and malignant warts.

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12
Q

Adenoviridae

A

A DNA virus family that can cause Conjuctivitis (pink eye) and mild respiratory or gastrointestinal disease.

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13
Q

Filoviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Ebolavirus.

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14
Q

Coronaviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes SARS-CoV1 and SARS-CoV2.

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15
Q

Reoviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Rotovirus.

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16
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Influenza A & B.

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17
Q

Rhabdoviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Rabies.

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18
Q

Retroviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes HIV (AIDS), leukemia and tumors.

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19
Q

Paramyxoviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Measles and Mumps.

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20
Q

Flaviviridae

A

A RNA virus family that causes Encephalitis, Yellow fever (hemorrhagic fever) and Hepatitis C.

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21
Q

Togaviridae

A

A RNA virus family that can cause Encephalitis (mosquitoes) and Rubella (German measles).

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22
Q

Picornaviridae

A

A RNA virus family that can cause Polio, Rhinovirus and Hepatitis A.

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23
Q

What are the 6 DNA virus families?

A

Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Papoviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Parvoviridae and Herpesviridae

24
Q

What are the 2 bite vector virus families?

A

Togaviridae and Flaviviridae

25
Q

Receptors

A

Are needed to allow attachment of the virus to the host cell.

26
Q

Host cell

A

A specific cell infected by a particular virus.

27
Q

Components of a virus

A

Envelope, Spikes, Capsids, Capsomeres and Nucleic Acid

28
Q

Viral shape and size

A

Spherical ranging in size from 20-400 nm

29
Q

5 Classifications of Viral agents?

A

1) Acellular 2) Contain only one nucleic acid 3) Do not replicate 4) Do not carry out metabolic processes 5) Obligate Intracellular Parasite

30
Q

4 Characteristics of Living Cells?

A

1) Contain cellular structure 2) Store genetic information in the for of DNA and RNA 3) Contain cellular organelles the produce energy, synthesize protein & carbohydrates and carry out metabolic processes 4) Replicate

31
Q

5 Classifications of Viruses?

A

1) Nucleic Acid type 2) Method of replication 3) Host range 4) Chemical characteristics 5) Physical characteristics

32
Q

Viral diagnosis

A

Immune status of the host is confirmed by viral antibody/antigen detection. Cannot be grown on culture plates-needs a host, so use tissue culture.

33
Q

Naked virus

A

A virus that DOES NOT have a membrane which surrounds the virus.

34
Q

Enveloped virus

A

A virus that has a bilayer lipid membrane which surrounds the virus.

35
Q

Viral Studies

A

A diagnostic test that can be performed with acute and convalescent (2-3 weeks) blood samples from the patient to confirm a viral infection. A 4-fold titer level of antibody production a diagnosis of viral infection can be made.

36
Q

Host Range

A

Refers to the variety of hosts a particular virus can infect (i.e. Rabies-mammals vs. Mumps-only humans).

37
Q

Viral Specificity

A

Refers to the different kinds of cells a particular virus can infect (i.e. Rhinovirus -epithilial cells vs. cytomeglovirus-nonepithelial cells).

38
Q

4 Transmissions of Viral Agents

A

1) Inhalation 2) Ingestion 3) Sexual intercourse 4) Inoculation thru mucous membranes

39
Q

Viral Disease in Humans

A

1) Disrupt the body’s homeostasis, virus can enter the body and remain localized (Influenza) or disseminate thru blood and lymph system (measles). Incubation from time of exposure until the onset of symptoms (<7 days)- short for localized infections and longer for disseminated infections.

40
Q

6 Viral & Host Factors that Contribute to Clinical Disease

A

1) Host immune cells release cytokines and interferons that induce fever and malaise
2) Specific tissue damage is the result of virus-induced lysis of infected cells or due to inflammation
3) T-cells attack and eliminate virus-infected cells and B-cells (memory cells) produce antibodies that may destroy the virus but also prevent re-infection of the host
4) A effective immune response will eliminate most viruses therefore most viruses are short lived
5) Certain viruses such as HIV or Hepatitis B and C can establish persistent infections in the host
6) Other viruses can establish persistent infections in the immunocompromised such as Herpesviruses and Human papillomavirus (HPV)

41
Q

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

A

A virus that attacks the skin and mucous membranes that causes papillomas or warts. (i.e. Cervical cancer)

42
Q

Hepatitis B and C

A

Can cause liver cancer.

43
Q

5 Inactivation of Viral Agents

A

1) Heat (56 C-30 min or 100 C for a few seconds)
2) Ultra-Violet irradiation- most viruses are inactivated
3) Alcohol- enveloped viruses are inactivated, naked not inactivated
4) Chorine, Iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide- most viruses are inactivated
5) Phenols- most viruses are resistant.

44
Q

10 RNA Virus Families

A

Picornaviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Reoviridae, Coronaviridae

45
Q

Envelope

A

A bilayer lipid membrane which surrounds some, but not all viruses.

46
Q

Capsid

A

The protein shell which surrounds and protects the nucleic acids.

47
Q

Wide Host Range

A

Bigger host range

48
Q

Narrow Host Range

A

Smaller host range

49
Q

Virion

A

A complete viral particle.

50
Q

Prions

A

Infectious proteins, not species specific, diseases lack inflammatory response, induce no immune reactions in humans, extremely resistant to inactivation via heat, radiation or enzyme activity, sensitive to phenols and urea.

51
Q

4 Diseases Associated with Prions

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-humans, Spongiform Encephalopathy (Scrapies-sheep, Mad Cow-cattle), Kuru-humans, Chronic Wasting Disease -deer/elk

52
Q

6 Herpesviridae Family Diseases

A

1) Herpes Simplex type 1 2) Herpes Simplex tupe 2 3) Varicella-zoster 4) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 5) Roseola infantum 6) Epstein-Barr virus

53
Q

Viroids

A

Single circular RNA molecule, does not produce protein, copied in the host cell nucleus, causes plant diseases and destruction-economic impact on agriculture, no known human diseases.

54
Q

5 Viral Replication Methods

A

1) Adsorption
2) Penetration
3) Synthesis
4) Maturation
5) Release

55
Q

Viruses with vaccines

A

Polio, Hepatitis A and B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, RSV, Rabies, Influenza, Rotovirus, SARS-CoV2 (Covid-19), Ebola, Smallpox, HPV, Varicella-Zoster

Microbiology (8 decks)

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