Lp 61 Flashcards
The kidney 4 structural elements
-interstitium
-bv’s
-glomeruli
-tubules
-clear plasma of nitrogenous waste (urea, uric acid, creatinine)
-maintain h2o & electrolyte balance
-maintain systemic BP
-synthesize erythropoietin
-activate vitamin D
Systemically the kidneys
Kidney susceptible to
-congenital defects
-infection
-Abn immune responses
-neoplasms
Glomerular disease 3 possible manifestations
-proliferation changes
-sclerotic changes
-membranous changes
-diffuse, focal, segmental or mesangial
-most common acute glomerulo-nephritis (GN)= diffuse proliferation GN
-generally follows strep infection
-immune complexes-trapped in glomerular capillary membrane
Sx: edema, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria & oliguria
Glomerular disease
-age: 50-60yrs
-often idiopathic
-diffuse thickening of glomerular basement membrane
-progress is variable
-50% have slow, progressive loss of renal fxn
Glomerular disease membranous GN
-affect bladder
-more common
Lower UTIs= Cystitis
More serious
Upper UTIs= pyelonephritis
Most common pathogen is
E.coli (usually enter urinary tact via urethra
-urinary obstruction
-impaired bladder emptying
-sexually actively female
-post menopausal females
-male w/ prostate disease
-elderly persons
-more common in females who have diabetes than females who do not
UTIs
-frequency of urination
-lower abdominal or back discomfort
-dysuria
-cloudy, foul smelling urine
Sx’s of uti cystitis
-shaking chills
-moderate to high fever
-constant ache in groin
-malaise
-nausea & vomiting
-sx’s of cystitis
Sx’s of acute pyelonephritis UTIs
Progressive loss of nephrons leads to
End stage Renal disease (ESRD)
Increases blood urea concentration (BUN)
Azotemia
-accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in blood
-occurs when 2/3 of nephrons have been destroyed
-includes altered fluid, electrolytes & acid-base balance; alterations in regulatory functions; azotemia
Uremia
