Lp 52

Question 1

-supplies O2 to body cells via CV system
-removes CO2 (prevent acidosis)

Answer 1

Respiratory system

Question 2

Respiration involves 4 processes

Answer 2

1. pulmonary ventilation: breathing
2. external respiration: O2-lungs to blood & CO2-blood to lungs
3. Transport of respiratory gases: O2 & CO2
4. Internal respiration:
   -O2-blood to tissues
   -CO2-from tissues to blood
   -O2 diffusion- lung membranes into pulmonary capillaries
   -in tissues: O2 released from Hb & RBCs- diffuses into cells
   -6 min w/out O2= irreversible brain damage

Question 3

-bv’s carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
-oxygenated blood to heart

Answer 3

Pulmonary circulation

Question 4

-blood supply via bronchial aa
-drained by bronchial vv

Answer 4

Lung tissue

Question 5

Innervation to lungs

Answer 5

-parasympathetic fibs (bronchoconstriction)
-sympathetic (bronchodilation)
-visceral sense fibers

Question 6

Respiratory system divided into

Answer 6

-URT= head and throat
-LRT= thorax

Question 7

Major function of URT

Answer 7

-clear passageway for inhaled air
-filter & condition inhaled air

Question 8

URT include

Answer 8

-nose
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea

Question 9

Flexible cartilaginous structure covering glottis during eating

Answer 9

Epiglottis

Question 10

Double layered serous membrane

Answer 10

Pleura

Question 11

-heavily branched
-end in thin sacs
-1* divisions:
~bronchi (1,2 & 3*)
~bronchioles

Answer 11

Bronchial tree

Question 12

Bronchial tree has 2 zones

Answer 12

-conducting
-respiratory: respiratory bronchioles & alveoli

Question 13

Breathing (pulmonary ventilation)- 2 stages

Answer 13

-inhalation (inspiration): active
-exhalation (expiration): passive unless forced

Question 14

Mm of inspiration

Answer 14

-diaphragm
-external intercostal mm

Question 15

Accessory mm facilitate forced inspiration (help elevate ribs further)

Answer 15

-scalenes
-SCM
-pec minor

Question 16

Is expiration mainly passive or non passive

Answer 16

Passive

Question 17

Is forced expiration passive or active

Answer 17

Active; requires contraction of oblique & transverse abdominal mm

Question 18

Other mm that may aid forced expiration

Answer 18

-internal intercostals
-OL (depress rib cage)

Question 19

Described relative to local atmospheric pressure
-neg, respiratory P indicates that it is < P atm

Answer 19

Respiratory P

Question 20

Visual pleura

Answer 20

On lung surface

Question 21

Parietal pleura

Answer 21

On thoracic wall & diaphragm

Question 22

-recoil of lung tissue: elasticity leads to tendency for lungs to stay as mall as possible
-surface tension of alveolar fluid: alveolar walls drawn down toward one another d/t fluid lining them

Answer 22

Deflation

Question 23

Elasticity of the chest wall pulls thorax outward, enlarging lungs

Answer 23

Inflation

Question 24

Factors influencing breathing

Answer 24

Airway resistance
Alveolar surface tension
Lung compliance

Question 25

2 Ps keep lungs inflated

Answer 25

1. Intrapulmonary (P pull): P exerted by air in alveoli
2. Intrapleural (P ip): P exerted w/in pleural cavity & fluctuates w/breathing, but always ~4mm Hg less than P pull