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Generalist Exam Questions > Lower Urinary System > Flashcards

Lower Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Ureters enter the bladder at what portion?

A) Anterolateral
B) Posteroinferior
C) Anteroinferior
D) Posterolateral

A

B - posteroinferior

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2
Q

What is the medical term for voiding the bladder?

A

Micturition

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3
Q

What muscle is responsible for squeezing urine out of the bladder?

A

Detrusor

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4
Q

What are the two types of urinary retention?

A
  1. Obstructive - due to kidney stones or something causing a blockage
  2. Non-obstructive - disconnect between the bladder and brain - neurological or pelvic injury
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5
Q

What is normal bladder thickness when fully distended and when empty?

A

Fully distended = <3mm

Empty = <5mm

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6
Q

What is the most common bladder outlet obstruction?

A

PUV - most common cause of urinary obstruction in male infants

Can cause vesicoureteral reflux

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7
Q

What is the typical ultrasound feature of PUV?

A

Key hole sign

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8
Q

What abnormality causes urine to spurt onto abdominal wall from the ureteral orfices?

A

Bladder exstrophy - bladder protrudes out of abdominal wall - typically accompanied by hydronephrosis

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9
Q

What pathology is known as a cyst-like enlargement of the lower end of the ureter?

A

Ureterocele - round or oval thin walled cystic structure on posterior wall

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10
Q

What is the most common urachal variant?

A

Patent urachus/fistula

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11
Q

What are the 4 kinds of urachal variants?

A
  1. Patent urachus - it is completely open between the umbilicus and bladder - urine drains from umbilicus
  2. Urachal cyst - both end close causing urine to be trapped in the canal
  3. Urachal sinus - urachus closes at bladder but not at umbilicus
  4. Urachal diverticulum - urachus closes at umbilicus but not at bladder
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12
Q

What urachal variant can cause a palpable mass/fever/dysuria?

A

Urachal cyst

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of cystitis?

A

E coli.

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14
Q

If you see a calcification in the bladder, what are your next steps?

A

Turn patient LLD to determine if stone moves

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15
Q

What SF might you see if you have a UVJ obstruction?

A

Megaureter
Hydro

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16
Q

What pathology is known as the loss of the voluntary control of voiding due to disturbance in the neural pathways?

A

Neurogenic bladder

17
Q

SF of neurogenic bladder?

A
  1. Trabeculated walls
  2. Hydro
  3. Bladder calculi
  4. Ectasia of ureter
  5. VUR
18
Q

Patient presents with a fever and dropping hematocrit. When obtaining her history, you learn she has had a C-section. On ultrasound you see an avascular fluid collection posterior to the rectus muscle. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Bladder flap hematoma

19
Q

What is the most common bladder malignancy?

A

TCC - most common in smoking, caucasian men

20
Q

What is the most common micturition abnormality?

A

Stress incontinence

21
Q

How many ounces of water are patients asked to drink 1 hour before exam?

A

16

22
Q

When scanning the bladder, you see an echogenic circle within the bladder lumen. What might be the most common finding?

A) Ureterocele
B) Urachal cyst
C) Patent urachus
D) Catheter

A

D - catheter will be a round circle

23
Q

What abnormality is known as a cyst-like enlargement of the lower end of the ureter?

A

Ureterocele

24
Q

A closed urachus is referred to what umbilical ligament in adults?

A) Medial
B) Median
C) Transverse
D) Sigmoid

A

B

25
Q

Urachal variants may form due to what kind of neoplasm?

A) mucinous adenocarcinoma
B) cystic adenocarcinoma
C) Lymphoma
D) Sarcoma

A

A

26
Q

What urachal variant has adenocarcinoma as a complication?

A) Urachal cyst
B) Patent urachus
C) Urachal sinus
D) Urachal diverticulum

A

A

27
Q

What urachal variant closes at the umbilicus but not the bladder?

A) Urachal cyst
B) Patent urachus
C) Urachal sinus
D) Urachal diverticulum

A

D

28
Q

Does an overactive bladder in neurogenic bladder cause the bladder to become large or small over time?

A

Small - since the bladder is overactive and is constantly releasing urine, it will not be able to hold as much and become small over time

29
Q

What urachal variant closes at the bladder but not the umbilicus?

A) Urachal cyst
B) Patent urachus
C) Urachal sinus
D) Urachal diverticulum

A

C

30
Q

What will you NOT see as a sonographic feature of neurogenic bladder?

A) Smooth walls
B) Ureterectasis
C) VUR
D) Hydronephrosis
E) Bladder calculi

A

A - it has trabeculated walls

31
Q

What is the forerunner of a bladder Papilloma?

A) SCC
B) Lipoma
C) TCC
D) Adenocarcinoma

A

C

Generalist Exam Questions (21 decks)

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