Breast Flashcards
Precocius puberty is known as breast development before what age?
A) 6 years
B) 7 years
C) 8 years
D) 9 years
C
“Unilateral early ripening” or “unilateral premature thelarche” is known as breast development before what age?
A) 6 years
B) 7 years
C) 8 years
D) 9 years
C
What is the most common breast variant?
A) Polythelia
B) Hypoplasia
C) Nipple inversion
D) Polymastia
Polythelia
What is amazia?
A) Absence of breast tissue but nipple is present
B) Absense of nipple but breast tissue is present
C) Absence of one breast
D) Absence of both breasts
A
What does a TDLU encompass?
A lobule and extralobular terminal duct
What are the functional units of the breast?
TDLU
What are the SMALLEST functional units of the breast?
Acini - produces milk
TDLU’s are mostly found in what layer?
A) Premammary layer
B) Mammary layer
C) Postmammary layer
D) Retromammary layer
B
What is the pathway of ducts?
Alveoli –> intralobular terminal duct –> extralobular terminal duct –> lactiferous duct –> lactiferous sinus –> nipple
What is NOT true of the male breast?
A) They contain thicker skin
B) They contain Coopers ligaments
C) Consist of mostly fat
D) Most significant pathology is gynecomastia
B - DO NOT contain coopers ligaments
What pregnancy hormone stimulates alveoli to secrete milk?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin
C
What pregnancy hormone triggers milk ejection?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin
D
What hormone in menopause triggers decreased ovarian function?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin
A
Major lactiferous ducts are usually less than what?
A) <1mm
B) <2mm
C) <3mm
D) <4mm
B
What are the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35-50 years of age?
A) Fibrocystic change
B) Benign solid masses
C) Cysts
D) Enlarged lymph nodes
C
Cyst contains a non dependent echogenic layer within and appears crescent like. What pathology is this most likely?
A) PAM
B) Acorn cyst
C) Complex cyst
D) Simple cyst with debris
B
How can you determine between papillary apocrine metaplasia from acorn cyst?
PAM internal echoes will not be mobile while acorn cyst debris will be mobile (move patient positions to determine).
Which of the following pathologies will NOT move with a change in patient position?
A) Acorn cyst
B) PAM
C) Galactocele
D) All of the above
B
What pathology is known as “acute thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast or chest wall”?
A) Mondor disease
B) Paget disease
C) DCIS
D) Acorn cyst
A
What pathology presents with skin thickening, dimpling, nipple retraction?
A) Hematoma
B) Seroma
C) Fat necrosis
D) Post surgical scar
E) Both C and D
E
What is NOT a malignant feature of the breast?
A) Hyperechoic
B) Spiculated
C) Posterior shadowing
D) Calcifications
E) Angular margins
A - malignant breast masses are typically HYPOECHOIC
True or False. Fibroadenomas are estrogen induced?
TRUE
What is NOT true of a fibroadenoma?
A) Peak incidence is women aged 15-35
B) It is estrogen induced
C) Its fast growing
D) It is most commonly solitary
C - its slow growing
A large discrete lesion with cystic spaces is typical of what pathology?
A) Fibroadenoma
B) Adenoma
C) Phyllodes tumour
D) Mondor disease
C - has cystic spaces but NO calcs
What is also known as a “pseudotumor” of the breast?
A) Adenoma
B) Lipoma
C) Phyllodes tumour
D) Hamartoma
D
Which of the following is a marker for increase risk of breast ca?
A) Phyllodes tumour
B) Juvenile papillomatosis
C) Peripheral papillomatosis
D) Intraductal papilloma
B
What is the #1 cause of spontaneous bloody nipple discharge from a single breast duct?
A) Phyllodes tumour
B) Juvenile papillomatosis
C) Peripheral papillomatosis
D) Intraductal papilloma
D - usually develops within a major lactiferous duct rather than a TDLU
Theres a left breast lesion at 5 o clock. Where is that on the breast clock?
A) LUO
B) LLO
C) LUI
D) LLI
B
Theres a right breast lesion at 7 o clock. Where is that on the clock?
A) RUI
B) RLI
C) RUO
D) RLO
D
What is the most obvious finding related to DCIS?
A) Microcalcs
B) Macrocalcs
C) Hypoechoic
D) Microlobulations
A - microcalcs
What is known as cancer of the epidermis of the nipple?
A) Mondor disease
B) Paget disease
C) PAM
D) Phyllodes
B - presents with crusting of the nipple and eczema
Which breast CA is known as mucinous carcinoma?
A) Medullary
B) Colloid
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
B
Which breast CA presents with bloody nipple discharge?
A) Medullary
B) Colloid
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
C
Which breast CA has a higher incidence in men?
A) Medullary
B) Colloid
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
C
Which breast CA is rapid growing?
A) Medullary
B) Colloid
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
A
Which breast CA is associated with radial scars?
A) Medullary
B) Colloid
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
D
What breast CA can mimic mastitis and contains an “orange peel appearance of the skin”?
A) Medullary
B) Inflammatory
C) Papillary
D) Tubular
B - is also hypervascular
What is the most common primary male breast cancer?
A) IDC
B) Papillary CA
C) Medullary CA
D) ILC
A
What is known as thickening and hardening of the fibrous capsule around a breast implant?
A) Focal herniation
B) Capsular contracture
C) Seroma
D) Abscess
E) Hematoma
B
The step-ladder sign/ parallel-line sign is associated with what?
A) Extracapsular rupture
B) Intracapsular rupture
C) Capsular contracture
D) Focal herniation
B - is seen on MRI as the linguine sign
The snowstorm appearance is associated with what?
A) Extracapsular rupture
B) Intracapsular rupture
C) Capsular contracture
D) Focal herniation
A - defect in both the implant shell and fibrous capsule
When the axillary lymph nodes demonstrate the “echogenic noise” sign, what does this indicate?
A) Extracapsular rupture
B) Intracapsular rupture
C) Capsular contracture
D) Focal herniation
A - lymph nodes take up the silicone fluid
