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Muscoskeletal > Lower + Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower + Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the ACL?

A

Prevents abnormal internal rotation of the tibia.

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2
Q

What is the role of the PCL?

A

Prevents hyperextension and anterior translation of the femur.

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3
Q

What is the role of the MCL?

A

Resists valgus force.

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4
Q

What is the role of the LCL?

A

Resists varus force and abnormal external rotation of the tibia.

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5
Q

Which nerve is damaged to cause Trendelenburg’s Gait?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

Which muscles form the superficial muscle group?

A

Gluteus maximus, gluteas medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae

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7
Q

Which muscles make up the deep muscle group?

A

Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris

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8
Q

What is the function of the deep muscle group?

A

Laterally rotate the thigh

Stabilise the hip

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9
Q

What is the function of the superficial muscle group?

A

Extensors, abductors and medial rotators of the thigh

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10
Q

Which nerve innervates the deep muscle group?

A

Sacral plexus

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11
Q

Which nerves innervate the superficial muscle group?

A

Gluteal nerves

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12
Q

At which levels does the sciatic nerve lie?

A

L4-S3

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13
Q

At which levels does the pudendal nerve lie?

A

S2-S4

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14
Q

At which level does the cutaneous nerve of the thigh lie?

A

S1–S3

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15
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve exit?

A

Inferior to the piriformis

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16
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply in the gluteal region?

A

Nothing

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17
Q

Name the nerve branches that the sciatic nerve splits into?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

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18
Q

Name the contents of the femoral triangle.

A

femoral nerve

femoral artery

femoral vein

lymphatics

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19
Q

Which part of the femoral triangle is not contained within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral nerve

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20
Q

What is the name of the fascia that surrounds important structures?

A

Investing fascia

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21
Q

Name the addcutors of the thigh.

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

22
Q

Which nerve innverates the adductors of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

23
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

24
Q

Which nerve supplies the lateal compartment of the leg

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

25
Q

Which type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial joint

26
Q

Which arteries supply the hip bone?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Artery to head of femur

27
Q

From which artery do the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries derive from?

A

deep femoral artery

28
Q

Which type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge

29
Q

What is the main movement of the knee?

A

Flexion-extension

30
Q

Which structures surround the quadranglular space?

A

Humerus

Long Head of Triceps Brachii

Teres Minor

Teres Major

31
Q

What does the axaillary nerve supply?

A

Teres minor - lateral rotator of the arm

Deltoid muscle - abductor of the arm

The ‘badge patch area’

32
Q

Which nerve could be damaged by an anterior dislocation of the shoulder?

A

Axillary nerve

33
Q

Which muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Tricpes brachii

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Supinator

All other muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

34
Q

Which nerve could be injured in a mid-shaft fracture of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

35
Q

What is wrist drop a sign of?

A

Injury to the radial nerve

36
Q

Which nerve runs within the cubital fossa?

A

Median nerve

37
Q

Which muscles of the hand does the median nerve supply?

A

first 2 Lumbircals

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

38
Q

Which muscles of the forearm does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

39
Q

Which muscle flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

40
Q

Which muscle flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

41
Q

Which muscle flexes the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus

42
Q

Which nerve supplies the thenar eminence?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

43
Q

Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

44
Q

Which fingers are numb in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Lateral 3 1/2 fingers

45
Q

Which muscles are weakened in carpal tunnel syndrome?`

A

Thenar msucles

46
Q

What is a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Pregnancy

47
Q

Name the five main branches of the brachial plexus.

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

48
Q

What is a sign of a proximal lesion to the median nerve?

A

Hand of Benediction

49
Q

Name the branches of the ulnar nerve in rhe forearm.

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus

50
Q

Which lumbricals in the hand does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Medial two lumbricals

Muscoskeletal (8 decks)

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