Hip and Paediatric Orthopaedics Flashcards
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
A defect of the maturation and organisation of type 1 collagen.
How is osteogenesis imperfecta most commonly inherited?
Autosomal dominant inheritance
How are connective tissue disorders caused?
Caused due to genetic disorders of collagen synthesis (usually type 1), resulting in joint hypermobility.
What is Marfan’s syndrome?
An autosomal dominant or sporadic mutation of the fibrillin gene, resulting in tall ststaure with disproportionately long limbs and ligamentous laxity.
Describe features associated with Marfan’s disease.
high arched palate, scoliosis, flattening of the chest, eye problems, AA and cardiac valve incompetence.
What is Cerebral Palsy?
A neuromuscular disorder with onset before 2-3 years of age due to an insult to the immature brain before, during or after birth.
What is Spina Bifida?
A congenital disorder where the two halves of the posterior vertebral arch fail to fuse, probably in the first 6 weeks of gestation.
What does genu varum translate as?
Bow legs
What does genu valgus translate as?
Knocked knees
What does in-toeing mean?
When a child walks and stands, their feet point towards the midline.
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip?
When the femoral head discolates during the perinatal period which affects the development of the hip joint.
What is Perthes disease?
An idiopathic osteochondritis of the femoral head which usually occurs between the ages of 4-9. Caused by a transient loss of blood supply to the femoral head, resulting in necrosis and abnormal growth.
What is SUFE?
When the femoral head epiphysis slips inferiorly in relation to the femoral neck because the physis is not strong enough to support body weight.
What is the predominant clinical sign of SUFE?
Loss of internal rotation of the hip.
What is spondylolisthesis?
Slippage of the vertebra over another. Usually occurs at the L4/5 or L5/S1 level.
