Lower tract respiratory infection Flashcards
Define acute bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi Temporary <3 weeks Cough and sputum Usually viral Supportive management
How long does chronic bronchitis last? *define
cough lasting 3 months of the year for at least 2 years in a row
What are the common organisms that cause COPD
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Viral
Define COPD exacerbation + symptom
Change in colour of sputum Fevers Increased breathlessness Wheeze Cough
Define pneumonia
Inflammation of lung parenchyma
What is consolidation?
Solidification due to cellular exudate in alveoli leads to impaired gas exchange
What are risk factors of pneumonia?
Smoking, alcohol XS Extremes of age Preceding viral illness Pre-existing lung disease Chronic illness Immunocompromised Hospitalisation IVDU
What are symptoms of pneumonia
Fever, rigors, myalgia Cough and sputum Chest pain (pleuritic) Dyspnoea Haemoptysis
What are investigation associated with pneumonia?
Bloods – serum biochemistry, FBC, CRP, Blood cultures, CXR.
Sputum culture, viral throat swab
Legionella urinary antigen
What are differential diagnosis of pneumonia?
Tuberculosis Lung cancer Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary oedema Pulmonary vasculitis (Wegners granulomatosis)
What are the typical community acquired microorganisms?
Pneumococcal pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What are the atypical community accquired microorganisms?
Legionella pneumophilia Chlamydia pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci Coxiella burnetti Moraxella catarrhalis Viruses
What are nosocomial accquired microorganisms?
Enterobacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aerigunosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
What is the severity scoring of CURB 65
C confusion U blood urea > 7mmol/L R respiratory rate ≥ 30/min B systolic BP < 90 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure < 60mmHg 65 age ≥ 65
What antibiotic is used for severity CURB 0-1
Amoxicillin for 5 days
