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CR2 > Lower Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

4 common LRTIs

A

Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Influenza

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2
Q

What causes 99% of cases of bronchitis

A

Viruses

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3
Q

Does bronchitis need treatment to resolve

A

No - self limiting

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4
Q

Self limiting

A

Disease that tends to go away on its own without treatment

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5
Q

What viruses and bacteria can cause bronchitis

A

Virus - adenovirus coronavirus parainfluenza influenza rhinovirus RSV
Bacteria - bordetella pertussis, mycoplasma pneumonia

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6
Q

How long is acute bronchitis symptomatic for

A

Up to 2 wks

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7
Q

Acute bronchitis symptoms

A

Sore throat
Fatigue
Stuffy/runny nose
Fever
Body aches
Vomiting
Diarrhea

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8
Q

Bronchitis pathophysiolgy

A

Inflammation of bronchi

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9
Q

How is acute bronchitis prevented

A

Decrease infection risk - hygiene, PPE, etc

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10
Q

What medications are recommended for bronchitis symptoms relief

A

Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antitussives

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11
Q

How does a CXR appear in a bronchitis patient

A

Usually clear

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12
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of bronchioles usually in children under 2yrs

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13
Q

What signs could suggest a suspected bronchitis case is actually another pathology

A

Signs of consolidation
Airway obstruction
Fever
Incr RR
incr HR

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14
Q

Hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Pneumonia that occurs >48hrs after hospital admission and no incubation at time of admission

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15
Q

2 types of pneumonia acquisition

A

Community acquired
Hospital acquired

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16
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveoli in either or both lungs

17
Q

What happens to alveoli during pneumonia infection

A

Become inflamed and fill with fluid
Lose barrier function

18
Q

Which groups are at greatest risk for pneumonia

A

Elderly
Very young

19
Q

What is the most frequent pathogen to cause pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

20
Q

How long do pneumonia symptoms usually last

A

3-4 wks

21
Q

How does pneumonia as a direct injury cause alveolar dysfunction

A

Inflammation and innate immune response

22
Q

How can pneumonia be caused by pathogenic microorganisms in the lung parenchyma

A

Microorganism overgrowth causes intra alveolar exudates

23
Q

How can pneumonia be diagnosed

A

Physical exam
Complete blood count
Sputum culture
Urine test
PCR
CT scan

24
Q

How does a CXR appear in a pneumonia patient

A

Consolidation

25
Q

What is needed for a pneumonia diagnosis in secondary care

A

Clinical signs and symptoms
Consolidation on CXR

26
Q

What is needed for a pneumonia diagnosis in primary care

A

Signs and symptoms
New focal chest signs
1+ systemic feature

27
Q

What features are involved in CURB65 score

A

Confusion
Blood urea
Resp rate 30+/min
Blood pressure SBO<99/DBP<60

28
Q

How is pneumonia severity assessed

A

CRB65 score - community
CURB65 score - hospital

29
Q

How is pneumonia with a CRB65 score of 3/4 treated

A

Urgent hospital admission
Empirical antibiotics

30
Q

How long should a pneumonia patient be given antibiotics

A

5 days

31
Q

Which antibiotic is the first choice for pneumonia treatment

A

Doxycycline

32
Q

4 Oxygen delivery systems

A

Nasal cannula
Simple face mask
Non rebreather mask
Venturi mask

33
Q

When should oxygen be given

A

Hb O2 saturation <94%

34
Q

Which type of oxygen delivery is most suitable for emergency and trauma use

A

Non rebreather mask

35
Q

Which oxygen delivery system gives the most accurate O2 concentration

A

Venturi mask

36
Q

Does a nasal cannula give a low medium or high o2 concentration

A

Low to medium

37
Q

Which oxygen delivery system gives an O2 concentration between ~24 - ~50%

A

Nasal cannula

38
Q

Which oxygen delivery systems give O2 concentrations between 60 and 90%

A

Simple face mask
Non rebreather face mask

39
Q

Is a CRB65 or CURB65 score given in the community

A

CRB65

CR2 (33 decks)

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