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CR2 > Chest X Rays > Flashcards

Chest X Rays Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphisternum

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2
Q

How many lobes in each lung

A

Left 2
Right 3

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3
Q

Which fissure is in both lungs

A

Oblique

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4
Q

Which fissures are in the right lung

A

Oblique
Horizontal

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5
Q

structures in the lung hilum

A

Bronchi
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins

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6
Q

What determines the amount of x rays absorbed by an object

A

Density and structural composition

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7
Q

Do high or low density structures appear white on x rays

A

High

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8
Q

What patient details should be confirmed on an x ray

A

Name
DOB
unique identification number
Date x ray performed
Time x ray performed

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9
Q

How is image quality assessed - mnemonic

A

R rotation
I Inspiration
P projection
E Exposure

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10
Q

What is RIPE used to assess

A

Image quality

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11
Q

How is XR rotation checked

A

Spinous processes half way between clavicles

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12
Q

How many ribs should be seen on X-ray with adequate inspiration

A

7 anterior or 9 posterior

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13
Q

Which projection cannot be used to assess heart size

A

AP

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14
Q

Is PA or AP the standard X-RAY projection

A

PA

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15
Q

X ray exposure

A

Whether X-ray beams have adequately penetrated tissues

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16
Q

How is correct X-ray exposure checked

A

Vertebrae just visible behind heart
Left hemidiaphragm visible to edge of spine

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17
Q

How do lung markings appear in over penetrated X-rays

A

Decreased or absent

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18
Q

What does ABCDE stand for in X-ray interpretation

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Diaphragm
Everything else

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19
Q

What airway features should be checked while interpreting X-ray

A

Tracheal deviation
Inhaled foreign bodies
Hilum abnormalities

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20
Q

How is tension pneumothorax treated

A

Chest drain

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21
Q

What causes tracheal deviation

A

Change in volume of 1 hemithorax

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22
Q

What is a pneumonectomy

A

Removal of lung

23
Q

Which bronchus is an inhaled object more likely to lodge in

A

Right

24
Q

What hilum abnormalities may be seen on an X-ray

A

Asymmetry
Enlargement

25
Q

Should the pleura be visible in a healthy X-ray

A

No

26
Q

How does consolidation appear on an X-ray

A

Patchy opacification

27
Q

What conditions can cause lung consolidation

A

Pneumonia
Malignancy
Pulmonary embolism

28
Q

What is lung consolidation

A

Alveolar tissue infiltrated by cells, liquid, or pus

29
Q

What can cause a lung mass

A

Cancer
Access
Infectiom

30
Q

How do lung masses usually appear on X-ray

A

Pale
Well defined

31
Q

Pulmonary oedema

A

Fluid in alveolar and interstitial spaces

32
Q

What X-ray sign shows alveolar oedema

A

Batwing opacities

33
Q

What X-ray sign shows interstitial oedema

A

Kerley b lines

34
Q

What do batwing opacities show

A

Alveolar oedema

35
Q

What do Kerley b lines show

A

Interstitial oedema

36
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid in pleural space

37
Q

How can pleural effusion be seen on X-ray

A

Mensicus
Blunt costophrenic angles
Blunt cardiophrenic angles

38
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in pleural space

39
Q

How can a tension pneumothorax be identified on X-ray

A

Tracheal deviation

40
Q

How can pneumothorax be identified on X-ray

A

Lung markings don’t extend to edge of lung field

41
Q

What heart characteristics should be checked in X-ray

A

Size
Borders
Mediastinal contours

42
Q

What is a normal cardio thoracic ratio

A

</= 0.5

43
Q

What can cause heart borders to be undefined

A

Pathology in overlying lung tissue

44
Q

Which hemidiaphragm should be higher

A

Right

45
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

Air underneath diaphragm

46
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumoperitoneum

A

Bowel perforation

47
Q

How do hyperinflated lungs appear on a X-ray

A

Marked hyperinflation
Flattened diapragm
10 anterior ribs visible

48
Q

What can push the diapragm up

A

Phrenic nerve palsy
Loss of lung volume
Mass in abdomen

49
Q

What features can come under the ‘everything else’ section of X-ray interpretation

A

Bones
Soft tissues
NG tubes
Pacemakers
Lines
Artificial heart valves

50
Q

How should a correctly placed NG tube appear on an X-ray

A

In midline to level of diapragm
Bisects carina
Tip seen clearly below left hemidiaphragm

51
Q

What complications can broken ribs cause

A

Flail chest
Pneumothorax from punctured lung

52
Q

What causes reciprocal breathing

A

Flail chest

53
Q

Cannonball metastasis

A

Metastatic deposits from primary tumour spread over both lungs

CR2 (33 decks)

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