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CR2 > Heart Failure > Flashcards

Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Is heart failure more common in men or women

A

Men

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2
Q

What are the three types of heart failure

A

HFrEF - L ventricular systolic dysfunction
HFmrEF - heart failure w mildly reduced LV function
HFpEF - heart failure w preserved ejection fraction

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3
Q

Most common cause of heart failure

A

Coronary artery disease

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4
Q

Heart failure causes

A

Coronary artery disease
Hypertension
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular heart disease

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5
Q

Factors leading to heart decompensation

A

Cardiac arrhythmias
Hypertension
Anaemia
Infection

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6
Q

Heart failure symptoms

A

Shortness of breath
Ankle oedema
Fatigue

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7
Q

Heart failure signs

A

Cool skin
Peripheral cyanosis
Basal crackled
Incr JVP
Angle swelling
Ascites
Tachycardia
Sweating
3rd heart sound
Alternating pulse

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8
Q

How can heart failure present on an ECG

A

Inferior Q waves
Anterior T wave
Ectopics
L bundle branch block

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9
Q

What triggers myocardial cells to release brain natriuretic peptide

A

Raised left atrial pressure

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10
Q

What does a brain natriuretic peptide level >100pg/ml indicate

A

Heart disease is likely cause of Dyspnoea and fluid retention

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11
Q

What does brain natriuretic peptide do

A

Promotes natriuresis
Promotes vasodilation
Inhibits ADH release
inhibits aldosterone release

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12
Q

What diagnostic tests are used in all patients for heart failure diagnosis

A

Brain natriuretic peptide level
ECG
echocardiogram
Chest x ray
Blood test for comorbidities

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13
Q

How does sympathoadrenal activation increase contractile function

A

Increase inotrophic state

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14
Q

How does renin angiotensin activation increase contractile function

A

Increase myocardial mass

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15
Q

How do beta blockers cause ventricular dilation to increase contractile function

A

Redistribute venous flow

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16
Q

How do ACE inhibitors, ARBs , and spironolactone cause ventricular dilation to increase contractile function

A

Increase salt and water retention

17
Q

Which drugs/devices are used for systolic failure

A

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Beta blockers
Spironolactone
Cardiac re synchronisation therapy
Implantable cardio enter defibrillator
ARB
neprilysin inhibitor
SGLT 2 inhibitor

18
Q

Heart cailure complications

A

Intravascular thrombosis
Infection
Valvular dysfunction
Organ failure
Cardiac arrhythmi
Sudden death

CR2 (33 decks)

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