Lower Limb V - The Foot (Strikes Back)

Question 1

Is the “Doorway to the foot” medial or lateral and what structures pass through it?

Answer 1

Medial:
Tom Dick And Not Harry
Tib Post, Digitorum, Artery, Nerve and Hallicus Long

Question 2

What are the compartments of the foot and what muscles are included in each?

Answer 2

-Medial: FHL, FHB, ABD Hallucis
- Lateral: F Digiti Minimi, ABD Digiti Minimi
- Central: FDB, Lumbricles, Quadratus Plantae, Tendons FDL, (receives
Lateral plantar arteries and nerves)

Question 3

What is plantar fasciitis?

Answer 3

Straining and inflammation of plantar aponeurosis

Question 4

From What Artery does the Lateral and Medial Plantar A. arise?

Answer 4

• From Posterior Tibial Artery

- Enters medially as part of Tom Dick And Not Harry

Question 5

What does the Dorsal Pedis Artery divide into?

Answer 5

• Divides into deep plantar artery and 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

Question 6

Describe the innervation of the compartments of the foot?

Answer 6

• Medial compartment = Medial Plantar N
• Central Compartment = Lateral Plantar N (minus the 1st lumbrical)
• Lateral Compartment = Lateral Plantar N

Question 7

Whats the true Ankle Joint?

Answer 7

Talocrural Joint

Question 8

When is the Talocrural joint most susceptible to sprain? What type of sprain?

Answer 8

During plantar flexion, Inversion sprain

Question 9

What are the lateral ligaments that prevent inversion sprains?

Answer 9

Posterior Talofibular, Calcaneofibular, Anterior Taloifibular

Question 10

What are the medial ligaments prevent eversion sprain?

Answer 10

• Medial (Deltoid) Ligament

Question 11

What bones make up the subtalar joint and what movements occur here?

Answer 11

• Talus and Calcaneus

- Inversion and Eversion

Question 12

What are the 3 main ligaments of the foot?

Answer 12

Plantar Calcaneonavicular, Long Plantar, Plantar calcenocuboid (short plantar)

Question 13

Which ligaments contribute to the maintenance of the Longitudinal Arch?

Answer 13

Plantar Calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament and Long Plantar Ligament

Question 14

What are the 4 layers of fibrous tissue that “bowstring” the longitudinal arch?

Answer 14

Plantar aponeurosis, long plantar, Short plantar and spring Lig,

Question 15

Tibialis Posterior and Fibularis Longus support which arch?

Answer 15

Transverse Arch

Question 16

Flex. Hall. Longus and Flex. Digit. Longus. support which arch?

Answer 16

Longitudinal Arch (both medial and lateral)

Question 17

What bones/tendons make up the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 17

Calc, talus, navicular, 3 cunei and 3 meta. TA and FL tendons.

Question 18

What bones/tendons make up the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 18

Calc, cuboid, and lateral 2 metatarsals

Question 19

What bones/tendons make up the transverse arch?

Answer 19

Cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals, FL and TP tendons

Question 20

What ligament is responsible for fallen arch? What does it result in?

Answer 20

Spring ligament

Lateral deviation of the forefoot

Question 21

What is an inversion sprain?

Answer 21

Tear of anterior talofibular ligament

Question 22

What is a high ankle sprain?

Answer 22

anterior/posterior tibiofibular lig, interosseous membrane

Question 23

Pott fracture?

Answer 23

Fracture of medial malleolus via avulsion of deltoid ligament, also incurs a dislocation of ankle