Lower limb regions and special formations Flashcards
Gluteal region
BORDERS: sup: iliac crest lat: greater trochanter inf: gluteal sulcus SKIN INNERVATION: superior, middle, inferior cluenal nerves CONTENT: inferior gluteal a/n/v suprapiriform and infrapiriform hiatus
Suprapiriformis hiatus
CONTENT:
superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve
Infrapiriformis hiatus
CONTENT: inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve posterior femoral cutaneous nerve pudendal nerve internal pudendal artery sciatic nerve Companion artery Nerve to Quadriceps femoris and nerve to obturator internus
Subinginal region
BORDERS: sup: line along inguinal ligaments lat: line from ASIS inf: line along gluteal sulcus med: vertical line from pubic tubercle SKIN INNERVATION: anterior femoral cutaneous nerve lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve ilioinguinal nerve LIGAMENTS: inguinal, lacunar, pectineal CONTENT: cribriform fascia saphenous hiatus + venous star Iliopectineal arch with compartments
Venous star
Great saphenous vein Lateral accessory saphenous vein Superficial circumflex iliac vein Superficial epigastric iliac vein External pudendal veins
Iliopectineal arch compartments
LACUNA MUSCULONERVOSUM: iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve LACUNA VASORUM: femoral artery, vein LACUNA LYMPHATICA: lymph vessels
Femoral canal
extends distally to level of proximal saphenous hiatus BORDERS: lat: femoral vein med&post: pectineus muscle ant: fascia lata inlet: femoral ring outlet: saphenous hiatus CONTENT: connective tissue fat lymph
Femoral triangle
BORDERS: sup: inguinal ligament med: adductor longus lat: sartorius floor: iliopsoas, pectineus roof: fascia lata, cribriform fascia CONTENT: femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein deep inguinal lymph nodes
Anterior thigh region
BORDERS:
sup: anterior line parallel to gluteal sulcus
lat: line fro greater trochanter to lateral epicondyle
med: line from gluteal cleft to medial epicondyle
inf: above patella
SKIN INNERVATION:
anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
obturator nerve
CONTENT:
adductor canal
Adductor canal
BORDERS: roof +lat: sartorial, vasto-adductor membrane floor+med: adductor magnus, adductor longus outlet: adductor hiatus inlet: femoral triangle CONTENT: femoral artery and vein saphenous nerve
Posterior thigh region
BORDERS:
sup: gluteal line
lat: line from greater trochanter to lateral epicondyle
inf: above popliteal sulcus
med: line fro gluteal cleft to medial epicondyle
SKIN INNERVATION:
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
CONTENT:
sciatic nerve- common peroneal and tibial
Anterior Genicular region
BORDERS: sup: above patella lat: line along lateral epicondyle inf: below patella med: line along medial epicondyle SKIN INNERVATION: anterior femoral cutaneous nerve lateral femoral cutaneous nerve obturator nerve saphenous nerve CONTENT: descending genicular artery greater saphenous vein saphenous nerve
Popliteal region
BORDERS: sup: above popliteal sulcus lat: line along lateral epicondyle inf: below popliteal sulcus med: line along medial epicondyle SKIN INNERVATION: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve lateral and medial sural cutaneous nerve CONTENT: popliteal fossa lesser saphenous vein
Popliteal fossa
BORDERS: base: popliteus muscle sup/med: semitendinosus, semimembranosus sup/lat: beiceps femoris muscle inf/med: medial head of gastrocnemius inf/lat: lateral head of gastrocnemius CONTENT: popliteal artery and vein tibial nerve common peroneal nerve fat and lymph
Anterior crural region
BORDERS: sup: below patella lat: line along lateral epicondyle and malleolus inf: line connecting medial and lateral malleoli med: line along medial epicondyle to malleolus SKIN INNERVATION: lateral sural nerve saphenous nerve obturator nerve superficial peroneal nerve CONTENT: greater saphenous vein superficial peroneal nerve deep peroneal nerve anterior tibial artery
Posterior Crural region
BORDERS: sup: below popliteal sulcus lat: line along lateral epicondyle to malleolus inf: line connecting malleoli med: line along medial epicondyle to malleolus SKIN INNERVATION: medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve sural nerve saphenous nerve CONTENT: lesser saphenous vein achilles tendon anterior/posterior tibial and peroneal artery
Medial Malleolar region
BORDERS: between medial malleolus and calcaneus SKIN INNERVATION: saphenous nerve CONTENT: greater saphenous vein saphenous nerve posterior tibial artery and vein tibial nerve
Lateral Malleolar region
BORDERS: between lateral malleolus and calcaneus
SKIN INNERVATION: sural nerve
CONTENT:
lesser saphenous vein
sural nerve - lateral dorsal cutaneous & lateral calcaneal
peroneal artery
Plantar Region
BORDERS: post: calcaneus ant: root of toes SKIN INNERVATION: medial and lateral plantar nerve CONTENT: plantar aponeurosis medial plantar nerve, artery and vein (medial 7 toe side) lateral plantar nerve,, artery and vein (lateral 3 toes sides) deep plantar arch
Layers of sole of foot
LAYER 1: flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi
LAYER 2: flexor digitorum longus, 4 lumbricals, quadratus plantae, flexor hallucis longus, lateral and medial plantar artery, nerve and vein
LAYER 3: adductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
LAYER 4: interosseous muscles, peroneus longus, long plantar ligament, plantar arterial arch
Dorsalis Pedis Region
BORDERS:
post: line connecting malleoli
ant: root of ties
SKIN INNERVATION:
lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of rural nerve (lat. 0,5 toe)
Intermediate dorsal cutaneous branch of superficial peroneal nerve (medial 0,5 small toe, 3rd,4th, lat 0,5 2nd)
Dorsal digital branch of deep peroneal nerve (flipflop)
Medial dorsal cutaneous branch of superficial peroneal nerve (medial 0,5 of big toe)
CONTENT:
dorsal venous plexus of foot
extensor retinaculum
dorsalis pedis artery
arcuate artery
Stabilizing muscles in the foot
Stirrup: peroneus longus, tibialis anterior
Medial sling: tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior
Lateral sling: peroneus tertius, peroneus brevis
Layers of sole of the foot
- abductor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis
- flexor hallucis longus, glexor digitorum longus, lumbricals, quadratus plantae
- flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis
- 3plantar and 4 dorsal interosseus muscles
Measurements of pelvis
INLET: - median: 11,5-12cm - oblique: 11,5-12,5 cm - transverse: 13,5-14cm CAVITY: - median: 12cm - oblique: 13cm - transverse: 12cm OUTLET: - median: 9,5 + 2cm - transverse: 10-11 cm