Lower limb nerves

Question 1

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 1

• lumbar plexus
• runs in inguinal canal
• sensory innervation: skin of thigh beside scrotum

Question 2

Genitofemoral nerve

Answer 2

• lumbar plexus
• femoral branch: runs through subinguinal hiatus in vascular compartment
  
  • sensory innervation: skin under inguinal ligament
• genital branch: runs in inguinal canal
  
  • motor innervation: cremaster muscle
  • sensory innervation: scrotum, labium majus

Question 3

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 3

• lumbar plexus
• runs through subinguinal hiatus in muscular compartment, beside ASIS
• sensory innervation: lateral stripe of thigh

Question 4

Obturator nerve

Answer 4

• lumbar plexus
• runs through obturator canal, runs between adductor muscles
• motor innervation: obturator externus, adductor muscles
• sensory innervation: medial surface of thigh

Question 5

Femoral nerve

Answer 5

• lumbar plexus
• runs through subinguinal hiatus in muscular compartment ⇒ medial side of iliopsoas ⇒ divided into muscular branches and anterior femoral cutaneous nerves ⇒ saphenous nerve ⇒ adductor canal ⇒ pierces vastoadductor membrane ⇒ runs under sartorius ⇒ medial side of leg
• motor innervation: pectineus, extensors of thigh
• sensory innervation: anterior surface of which + anterior and medial surface of leg

Question 6

Muscular branches of sciatic plexus

Answer 6

• direct muscular branches around the origin

- motor innervation: piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus sup and inf, quadratus femoris

Question 7

Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 7

• sciatic plexus
• runs through suprapiriform hiatus
• motor innervation: gluteus medius, glutes minimus, tensor fascia latae

Question 8

Inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 8

• sciatic plexus
• runs through infrapiriform hiatus
• motor innervation: gluteus maximus

Question 9

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 9

• sciatic plexus
• runs through infrapiriform hiatus
• branches: inferior cluaneal nerves, perineal branches
• sensory innervation: posterior surface of thigh, perineal region, inferior part of buttocks

Question 10

Sciatic nerve

Answer 10

• sciatic plexus
• runs through infrapiriform hiatus ⇒ on gemellus superior, obturator interns tendon, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris⇒ runs between flexors of thigh⇒ divided into tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve

Question 11

Common peroneal nerve

Answer 11

• in popliteal fossa gives lateral crural cutaneous nerve
• between biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius turns around fibula ⇒ pierces posterior inter muscular septum ⇒ runs into origin of peroneus longs ⇒ divided into superficial and deep peroneal nerves
• motor innervation: short head of biceps femoris

Question 12

Superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 12

• runs between peroneus muscles in peroneus compartment ⇒ pierces crural fascia ⇒ runs to dorsal of foot ⇒ 2 end branches: medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves
• motor innervation: peroneus muscles

Question 13

Deep peroneal nerve

Answer 13

• pierces anterior intermuscular septum ⇒ extensor compartment ⇒ runs between anterior tibias and extensor digitorum longs ⇒ dorsum of foot ⇒ end branch in 1st sputum interosseum
• motor innervation: extensors of leg and foot

Question 14

Tibial nerve

Answer 14

• runs in axis of popliteal fossa, gives medial rural cutaneous nerve
• goes under tendinous arch of soles m ⇒ runs between superficial and deep flexors of leg⇒ runs behind medial malleolus ⇒ divides to medial and lateral plantar nerves
• medial plantar nerve: runs in medial plantar groove ⇒ gives common plantar digital nerves and proper plantar digital nerves
• lateral plantar nerve : runs between flexor digitorum braves and quadrates plantae ⇒ lateral plantar groove ⇒ divided into superficial and deep branch ⇒ common plantar digital nerve + proper plantar digital nerve
• motor innervation: flexors of thigh, flexors of leg, abductor digit minimi, flexor digit minimi, opponens digit minimi, interosseous muscles, lumbricals, adductor hallucis
• sensory innervation: 7 medial plantar finger halves, 3 lateral plantar finger halves