Lower Limb Injuries Flashcards
What are the ligaments in the hip that provide stability?
Extracapsular ligaments - iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments
Intracapsular ligaments -ligament teres and transverse ligament
What is hip impingement?
A term used to describe an abnormal contact between the proximal femur and the rim of the acetabulum
Can be either CAM or PINCER
What are femoral anteversion and femoral retroversion?
Anteversion (toes in where angle is increased)
Retroversion (toes out where angle is decreased)
What are bursa
Fluid filled fat pads that decrease friction between 2 surfaces.
Traumatic or inflammatory bursitis can occur
Greater trochanteric pain could be related to inflamed bursa
What is osteitis pubis?
A common cause of groin pain in footballers, an overuse injury due to repetitive strain put on the Pubic symphysis
What are the different degrees of hamstring strain?
1st degree - tearing of a few muscle or tendon fibers
2nd degree - more severe tear without complete disruption to the MT unit
3rd degree - complete tear of MT unit
Proposed causes of hamstring strain?
Biomechanical compromise, inadequate flexibility
Where is the ACL found?
Found in the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia - the posteriomedial aspect of the femoral condyle
It resists knee hyperextension, tibia translation and tibial rotation
When does an ACL sprain/rupture normally occur?
Usually occurs after rotation and anterior translation whilst in a loaded position (valgus colapse)
Eg-landing from jump, quick rotation or
Sudden deceleration
What symptoms follow ACL sprain/rupture
Swelling, pain and an audible pop during the rupture
What is patella tendinopathy?
Disease of the patella tendon, refered to as jumpers knee
How can patella tendinopathy occur?
Occurs from a direct blow, cumulative micro-trauma or from max tendon exertion with push off and then a strong eccentric contraction on landing
What are some predisposing factors in patella tendinopathy?
Increased Q angle, overtraining, poor flexibility and poor foot biomechanics
What is osgood-schlatters disease?
Intense knee pain in kids aged 10-15 due to growing pain
How does OSgood-schlatters occur?
Forceful contraction of the quadriceps which leads to small avulsion fractures within ossification centre of tibial tuberosity - only cure is rest
