Lower limb fractures Flashcards
What is the mechanism of fracture in patellar fracture?
Direct blow to the knee
Rapid contraction of quadriceps against a flexed knee e.g in electric shock
What is the presentation of a patellar fracture?
Inability to straight leg raise
Tenderness to knee cap
What is a segond fracture?
Small avulsion fracture to lateral pubic tubercle
What is segond fracture associated with?
ACL injuries
What is the mechanism of action in a segond fracture?
Interal rotation + varus stress
What are the features of tibial shaft fracture?
Open fracture
Compartment syndrome common
What is the mechanism of injury in tibial shaft fracture?
Direct blows, falls or indirectly through twisting motions
What is a tibial plafond fracture?
A fracture to the distal tibia where the talus is driven into the end of the tibia
What is the mechanism of action in a tibial plafond fracture?
High axial load
- Fall from height
- Car crash
What is a maisonneuve fracture?
Spiral fracture of the proximal fibula, associated with ankle instability
What is the mechanism of action in maisonneuve fracture?
Pronation- external rotation - e.g stepping off a curb awkwardly
What is the Weber classification of a lateral malleolus fracture?
Type A - below the level of syndesmosis
Type B - start at the level of tibial plafond + extend proximally
Type C - Above syndesmosis
What is a Jones fracture?
Fracture to the fifth metatarsal base
Caused by inversion to foot, or repetitive strain
What is a lisfranc fracture?
Tarsometatarsal fracture + dislocation of 1st and 2nd metatarsals from tarsals
What is the most common tarsal fracture?
Calcaneal fracture
What are the Ottawa ankle rules?
Ankle XR is indicated if:
- Malleolar zone pain
- Tenderness at points A and B
- Inability to bear weight immediately and in A&E
OR
- Pain in the midfoot zone
- Tenderness at points C and D
- Inability to bear weight immediately and in A&E
