Lower Limb Flashcards
action of the gluteal muscles
extend, rotate and abduct the thigh
where do the major flexors of the hip arise?
posterior abdo wall
anterior compartment of thigh has what action and why?
extensor because limb rotates in development. Doesnt apply to hip because didnt rotate. Therefore flexor at hip
which bone is lateral in lower limb?
fibula
medial compartment of thigh has what action?
adductor
what is the iliotibial tract?
fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata running from pelvis over hip and inserting lateral to knee
name the gluteal muscles. which is most superficial and what is their action?
Maximus, medius and minimis. Abduct and medially rotate. Maximus most superficial
name the quadriceps muscles, origins, insertions and their actions
Rectus femoris, Vastus Lateralis, V. Medailis & V. Intermedius (deep). All originate on femur except RF which is from ilium. all blend with patella to become quadriceps ligament and then patella ligament which inserts into Tibial tuberosityThey Extend the knee but RF also flexes hip
where is sartorius and why is it so named?
thigh muscle running medially obliquely named after tailors who sat cross legged
where is pectineus?
anterior thigh
where is gracilis?
medial thigh?
name the adductors and their location. Which is more deep and name one significant aspect of its structure
adductor longus and magnus. in medial thigh compartment. Magnus is deepest and has opening for vessels
weakness of VM can causes what?
abnormal patella tracking
name the muscles of the hamstring, their origin and insertion. Which is most medial
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris.Origin is ischial tuberosity. The Semi’s insert and into medial tibia. Biceps (long and short head) insert into lateral head of fibula
why is the hamstring prone to injury? which muscle most common
muscles cross 2 joints (hip and knee) so prone to strain when acting on both simultaneously. Biceps most common
action of iliopsoas? where is it
hip flexor - anterior thigh
what is in the anterior leg compartment from medial to lateral
Tibialis Ant, EHL, EDL
where does Tibialis Anterior Insert? what are its actions?
medial cuneiform and base of 1st meta-tarsal. dorsiflexing and inverting the foot
what is fibularis tertius?
muscle that splits from EDL to insert into base of 5th toe
muscles of the dorsum of the foot (medial to lateral)? What do they pass beneath
Timothy Has A nasty, dirty Toe. Pass beneath extensor retinaculum. TA, EHL, Anterior Tibila Artery, Nerve (deep fibular), EDL, Fibularis Tertius
muscles of the lateral compartment of leg and their action. Which tendon is more superior in ankle?
Fibularis Longus and Brevis. Evert the foot. FB more superior
what is the role of popliteus and where is it
unlocks the knee (medial rotation). posterior leg
which leg muscle is always present but completely insignificant
plantaris
posterior muscles from superficial to deep? Then medial to lateral
Gastrocnemius, Soleus, FDL, tibialis posterior, FDH (the toe flexors are counter-intuitive)
Medial tendons of the ankle (superior to inferior). What do they pass beneath?
Tom, Dick And Very Naughty Harry. Pass under flexor retinaculumTP, FDL, Artery (posterior tibial), Vein (Posterior tibial), Nerve (tibial), FHL
where do gastroc arise and insert?
one from each condyle of femur, blend with soleus to become Achilles tendon (inserts into calcaneus)
calf muscles? action?
Gastroc ( 2 bellies & superficial) & soleus - plantarflex foot
how does the Line of Gravity run in relation to the Joints
BFF (big fucking foot) (behind hip, in Front of knee & ankle)
Large muscles in the gluteal region are supplied by….
superior and inferior gluteal nerves
Anterior compartment of thigh is supplied by….
femoral nerve
Medial compartment of thigh is supplied by…
obturator
Posterior compartment of thigh and leg, and sole of foot are supplied by
tibial (except short head of biceps)