Anat (minus lower limb)

Question 1

when can the knee rotate

Answer 1

flexion

Question 2

when is knee most stable

Answer 2

extension

Question 3

which movements is knee susceptible to injury

Answer 3

flexed and rotated

Question 4

what is the pes anserinous?

Answer 4

muscle insertion to knee that look like gooses foot. Sartorius, Gracilis, Bursa, SemiTendinous(Say Grace Before Tea)

Question 5

what type of joint is the inferior tibio-fibular and what is the significance of this?

Answer 5

syndesmosis - good stability, dislocation rare

Question 6

what are the joints involving the talus. give other names

Answer 6

ankle (talo-crural (talus with fibula)).
subtalar (talocalcaneus).
mid tarsal (talocalcaneonavicular)

Question 7

what type of joint is the inferior tibio-fibular and what is the significance of this?

Answer 7

syndesmosis - good stability, dislocation rare

Question 8

name the ligaments of the hip joint, their position and relative strength

Answer 8

iliofemoral is in front and strong.

Behind are the 2 weaker pubofemoral and ischiofemoral.

Question 9

blood supply to hip joint and their origin?

Answer 9

medial and lateral circumflex arteries anastamose, wrapping around NOF - branches of femoral.

Question 10

innervation of hip joint?

Answer 10

articular branches of Obturator and Femoral.

Question 11

origins and insertions of obturator internus and piriformis? how do they leave pelvis

Answer 11

OI: origin is obturator membrane, insertiion is greater trochanter of femur. leaves through LSF
P: origin is 3 middle sacral bodies, insertion is also greater trochanter. leaves through GSF

Question 12

where does the sacral plexus sit?

Answer 12

on piriformis

Question 13

major supportive ligaments of uterus?

Answer 13

lateral cervical, utero-sacral and pubo-cervical

Question 14

what is significant about the superior rectal and ovarian artery

Answer 14

not from internal iliac. they enter the pelvis from above. Ovarian off abdominal aorta and superior rectal off IMA

Question 15

describe the nerves of pelvic viscera

Answer 15

inferior hypogastric plexus supplies viscera. one on each side of pelvis .has both para(from S2-4) and symp (thoraco lumbar) fibres.

comes from superior hypogastric plexus.

Question 16

describe the boundaries of the diamond in the perinuem

Answer 16

pubic symph > ischial tuberosity (via ischiopubo ramus) > coccyx (via sacrotubular ligament) > ischial tuberosity. Line b/w tuberosities divides urogenital triangle above from anal below/.

Question 17

3 key features that attach to perineal body

Answer 17

superficial and deep transverse perineal muscle. external anal sphincter

Question 18

what is inside the pudendal canal? where is it? eponymous name?

Answer 18

Alcock’s canal contains the internal pudendal artery and vein, the pudendal nerve and the dorsal nerve of penis (clitoris).
It is enclosed by fascia of obturator internus on lateral pelvic wall

Question 19

muscles of the anal sphincter?

Answer 19

subcutaneous, superficial and deep

Question 20

what muscle blends with puborectalis?

Answer 20

deep anal spinchter

Question 21

path of pudendal nerve

Answer 21

branch of sacral plexus. starts in pelvis>

exits via GSF with piriformis > winds back round ischial spine> goes back through LSF > enters perineum

Question 22

3 branches of pudendal

Answer 22

perineal, dorsal clitoris (penis) and inferior rectal