Lower limb Flashcards
Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh arise from?
L2 & L3
What are the roots of the femoral & Obturator nerve?
L2-L4
What muscle group does the obturator nerve supply?
Adductor muscles (Magnus, longus, brevis, Gracilis)
What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What does the femoral nerve supply?
Quads
Sartorius
What does the femoral nerve become in the lower limb?
Saphenous nerve
What does the sciatic nerve supply?
Hamstrings
What the sciatic nerve branch into?
Tibial
Common perineal
Where does the common perineal nerve first appear?
Neck of fibula
What does the common perineal branch into?
Superficial & deep perineal branches
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
Base: Inguinal ligament
Lateral: Medial border of sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus
What vein joins the femoral vein inside the femoral triangle?
Great saphenous
What nerve follows the same course as the anterior tibial artery?
Deep peroneal nerve
What are the main abductors? What is their second role?
Gluteus Minimus & medius
Tensor fascia lata
Tilt the pelvis when walking stop one leg kicking the other
Where do gluteus minimus & medius insert?
Greater trochanter
What are the main hip flexors?
Psoas
Iliacus
Rectus femoris
What are the hip extensors?
Hamstrings (biceps femorus, semimembranosus & tendinosus)
Gluteus maximus
What are the roots for the lower limb reflexes?
Knee: L3, L4
Ankle: S1
What are the nerve roots tested in movement of the lower limbs?
L2- Hip flexion
L3- Knee extension
L4- ankle dorsiflexion
L5 Great toe extension
S1 ankle movements, hip extension
S2 Knee flexion
S3-S4 anal wink
What is the path of the arteries of the lower limb?
1) Aorta
2) Common iliac
3) (Internal) & External iliac
4) Common femoral
5) Superficial & (Deep) femoral
6) Popliteal
7) Ant/Post tibial & fibula
8) Dorsalis pedis
Where does the common femoral artery bifurcate?
In the femoral triangle
What does the deep femoral artery supply?
- Most muscles of the thigh
- Quads Femoris
- Adductors
- Hamstrings
Where does the superficial femoral artery supply?
Superificial structures of the thigh
What does the superficial femoral artery pass through?
Adductor hiatus
What does the popliteal artery supply?
- Adductor magnus
- Hamstrings
- Skin of posterior leg
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Planters
- Knee joint
- Femur, patella, fibula
What veins form the superficial venous system?
Small & great saphenous
What is the course of the small saphenous vein?
1) Drains foot & posterior aspect of leg
2) Passes posterior to lateral malleolus
3) Up posterior aspect of calf
4) Terminates in popliteal fossa drains into popliteal vein
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
1) Dorsal arch of foot
2) Passes anterior to medial malleolus
3) Medial side of leg
4) Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of knee
5) Superficial until femoral triangle
What does the femoral sheath contain?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Femoral canal contains fat & lymphatics, runs under inguinal ligament
What veins form the deep venous system?
Posterior tibial
Anterior tibial
Popliteal
Femoral veins
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Superomed: Semimembranosus
Superolat: Biceps femoris
Inferolat: Lat head of gastro
Informed: Med head of gastro
Roof: Popliteal fascia
Floor: Popliteus & knee capsule
What is the contents of the popliteal fossa?
- Popliteal, sural, genicular arteries
- Popliteal, short saphenous veins
- Sciatic nerve becoming common fibular & tibial nerve in fossa,
What branches come off the lumbar plexus?
- Iliohypogastric
- Ilioinguinal
- Genitofemoral
- Lat cutaneous
-Femoral - Obturator
What branches come of the sacral plexus?
- Superior gluteal
- Inferior gluteal
- Quads femoris
- Obturator internus
- Sciatic
- Post cutaneous
- Perforating cutaneous
- Pudendal
