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Anatomy > Abdomen & Pelvis > Flashcards

Abdomen & Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are found at T11?

A
  • Liver
  • Aorta
  • Spleen
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2
Q

T12

A
  • T11 plus
  • Left kidney
  • Inferior vena cava
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3
Q

L1

A
  • Aorta
  • Stomach & pylorus
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
  • Sup mesenteric artery
  • Descending colon
  • Both kidneys
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4
Q

L2

A
  • Both kidneys
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Left renal vein
  • Sup mesenteric artery
  • Aorta
  • Portal vein
  • Stomach
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5
Q

L3

A
  • Both kidneys
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Inf mesenteric artery
  • Psoas muscle
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6
Q

L4

A
  • Aorta bifurcates to common iliac
  • Loops of small intestine
  • Inf vena cava
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7
Q

L5

A
  • Ascending colon
  • Ureters
  • Common iliac arteries
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8
Q

What branches come off the aorta in the abdomen? Where?

A
  • Unpaired anterior: Coeliac axis/SMA (L1), IMA (L3)
  • Paired lateral: Renal (L2), Gonadal, Suprarenal
  • Posterior parietal: Lumbar, Median sacral, inferior phrenic
    L4: Bifurcation of aorta
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9
Q

What are the areas seen in a FAST scan?

A

Right loin: Morrison’s pouch
Left loin: Spleen & left kidney
Epigastrium: Pericardial fluid
Bladder & fluid in pouch of Douglas

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10
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1- L2

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11
Q

How are the urethral sphincters controlled?

A

Internal: Autonomic
External: Voluntary

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12
Q

What does the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder do?

A

Relaxes the bladder
Increases internal sphincter tone- prevents leakage

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13
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system to the bladder responsible for?

A

Micturation
Contraction of detrusor
Relaxes internal sphincter
In turn activates pudendal nerve to react external sphincter

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14
Q

What nerves give sensation to the bladder?

A

General visceral autonomic fibres

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15
Q

What would the result be of a spinal injury above S2 to the bladder?

A

Loss of voluntary initiation of micturition

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16
Q

What nerves carry the sympathetic supply to the pelvic organs?

A

Splanchnic nerves S2-S4

17
Q

Where is the false pelvis?

A

Above pelvic inlet

18
Q

Which muscles externally rotate the hip?

A

Piriformis
Obturator interns

19
Q

Where is the pelvic floor?

A

Attaches to the walls of the lesser pelvis
Separating the pelvic cavity from the perineum

20
Q

Which nerve innervates the pelvic floor?

A

Pudendal nerve

21
Q

Which muscles make up the pelvic floor?

A

Coccygeus
Levator ani

22
Q

What is the function of the pelvic floor?

A
  • Support abdominopelvic organs
  • Resistance to inc in abdominal pressure
  • Urinary & faeces continence
23
Q

What are the gaps in the pelvic floor?

A
  • Urogenital hiatus
  • Rectal hiatus
24
Q

How are the internal & external anal sphincters & above dentate line controlled?

A

Internal: Autonomic/parasympathetic
External: Voluntary somatic fibres of pudendal
Above: Autonomic via inf hypogastric plexus

25
Q

What are the cell types above & below the dentate line?

A

Below: Squamous
Above: Columnar

26
Q

How does the lymphatic drainage differ above & below the dentate line?

A

Above: Internal iliac
Below: Superficial inguinal

27
Q

What is the zone around the urethra?

A

Transitional zone- causes BPH

28
Q

Where does most prostatic malignancy occur?

A

Peripheral zone of the prostate

29
Q

Where is the commonest area for ectopics?

A

80% ampulla
12% Isthmus- most dangerous

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

A

Uterine & ovarian artery

31
Q

What spinal level innervates the penis?

A

S2

32
Q

What structures go through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Pudendal nerve
33
Q

What does the coeliac trunk supply? What are its branches?

A

Foregut (L1)
Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

34
Q

What does the SMA & IMA supply?

A

SMA: Pacreas, s.bowel, appendix, first 2/3 l.bowel
IMA: Last 1/3 l.bowel

35
Q

How does defecation occur?

A

1) Distension of rectal ampulla activates visceral afferent impulses
2) Transmitted to spinal cord by pelvic splanchnic
3) Parasympathetic stimulation inc peristalsis & relaxes internal sphincter
4) Puborectalis muscle relaxes decreasing angle between ampulla of rectum & upper anal canal
5) Smooth muscle contracts, int & ext anal sphincter relaxes

Anatomy (8 decks)

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