Abdomen & Pelvis Flashcards
What structures are found at T11?
- Liver
- Aorta
- Spleen
T12
- T11 plus
- Left kidney
- Inferior vena cava
L1
- Aorta
- Stomach & pylorus
- Duodenum
- Pancreas
- Gallbladder
- Sup mesenteric artery
- Descending colon
- Both kidneys
L2
- Both kidneys
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Left renal vein
- Sup mesenteric artery
- Aorta
- Portal vein
- Stomach
L3
- Both kidneys
- Stomach
- Duodenum
- Inf mesenteric artery
- Psoas muscle
L4
- Aorta bifurcates to common iliac
- Loops of small intestine
- Inf vena cava
L5
- Ascending colon
- Ureters
- Common iliac arteries
What branches come off the aorta in the abdomen? Where?
- Unpaired anterior: Coeliac axis/SMA (L1), IMA (L3)
- Paired lateral: Renal (L2), Gonadal, Suprarenal
- Posterior parietal: Lumbar, Median sacral, inferior phrenic
L4: Bifurcation of aorta
What are the areas seen in a FAST scan?
Right loin: Morrison’s pouch
Left loin: Spleen & left kidney
Epigastrium: Pericardial fluid
Bladder & fluid in pouch of Douglas
Where does the spinal cord end?
L1- L2
How are the urethral sphincters controlled?
Internal: Autonomic
External: Voluntary
What does the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder do?
Relaxes the bladder
Increases internal sphincter tone- prevents leakage
What is the parasympathetic nervous system to the bladder responsible for?
Micturation
Contraction of detrusor
Relaxes internal sphincter
In turn activates pudendal nerve to react external sphincter
What nerves give sensation to the bladder?
General visceral autonomic fibres
What would the result be of a spinal injury above S2 to the bladder?
Loss of voluntary initiation of micturition
What nerves carry the sympathetic supply to the pelvic organs?
Splanchnic nerves S2-S4
Where is the false pelvis?
Above pelvic inlet
Which muscles externally rotate the hip?
Piriformis
Obturator interns
Where is the pelvic floor?
Attaches to the walls of the lesser pelvis
Separating the pelvic cavity from the perineum
Which nerve innervates the pelvic floor?
Pudendal nerve
Which muscles make up the pelvic floor?
Coccygeus
Levator ani
What is the function of the pelvic floor?
- Support abdominopelvic organs
- Resistance to inc in abdominal pressure
- Urinary & faeces continence
What are the gaps in the pelvic floor?
- Urogenital hiatus
- Rectal hiatus
How are the internal & external anal sphincters & above dentate line controlled?
Internal: Autonomic/parasympathetic
External: Voluntary somatic fibres of pudendal
Above: Autonomic via inf hypogastric plexus
