Abdomen

Question 1

What muscles make up the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

Horizontal: External & internal oblique, transverses abdominis
Vertical: Rectus abdominis, pyramidalis

Question 2

Describe external oblique

Answer 2

• Largest & most superficial
• Originates from lower 8th rib
• Insert lateral iliac crest
• Forms linea alba
• Lower free border form inguinal ligament

Question 3

Where does the linea alba extend from/to?

Answer 3

Xiphoid process
Pubic symphysis

Question 4

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

Answer 4

Lat: Anterior superior iliac spine
Med: Pubic tubercle

Question 5

Describe internal oblique

Answer 5

• Deep to external
• Originates thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lat 2/3 inguinal lig
• Inserts inf border of 3+4 rib, pubic crest, pectineal line

Question 6

Describe transversus abdominis

Answer 6

• Innermost, deep to int oblique
• Originates thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lat 1/3 inguinal lib, 7-12th rib
• Inserts linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line

Question 7

Describe rectus abdominis

Answer 7

• Originates pubic crest & tubercle & symphysis
• Inserts 5th-7th rib, Xiphoid process

Question 8

How are the anterior abdominal nerves innervated?

Answer 8

Anterior rami T7-T12, L1

Question 9

What is the function of the abdominal muscles?

Answer 9

• Protect & Keep abdo organs in cavity
• Flex & rotate the vertebral column
• Contraction assists in forced expiration, coughing, vomiting

Question 10

What is the path of the biliary tree?

Answer 10

Left & right hepatic duct form common hepatic duct, joined by cystic duct to form common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 11

What runs alongside the common hepatic duct?

Answer 11

Hepatic artery proper
Portal vein

Question 12

What does the portal vein drain blood from?

Answer 12

Spleen
Pancreas
Gallbaldder
Abdominal part of GI tract

Question 13

How is the portal vein formed?

Answer 13

SMV + Splenic vein

Question 14

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 14

Left lobe: Divided by falciform lig
Right lobe
Caudate lobe: In ligamentum venosum fissure
Quadrate lobe : Between gallbladder and ligamentum teres

Question 15

What is the arterial supply to the liver?

Answer 15

Left & right hepatic arteries from hepatic artery proper, a branch of the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk

Question 16

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

Answer 16

Arterial: Splenic from coeliac w/branches from gastroduodenal artery & SMA
Venous: Pancreaticoduodenal into the SMV & portal.

Question 17

What muscles make up the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 17

• Quadratus lumborum: T12 to iliac crest
• Iliacus: Iliac fossa to lesser trochanter
• Psoas: T12-L5 to lesser trochanter

Question 18

What do the para-aortic/lumbar lymph nodes drain?

Answer 18

Body wall
Kidneys
Adrenals
Efferents of common iliac lymph nodes
Testes/ovaries

Question 19

What does the rectus sheath enclose?

Answer 19

Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis
Sup & inf epigastric vessels
Termination of intercostal nerves T7-T11
12th thoracic nerve & vessels

Question 20

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 20

1) Filter blood- remove old & defective blood cells
2) Blood reservoir
3) Produce white blood cells
4) Produce immune response

Question 21

What is the blood supply to the stomach?

Answer 21

Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic arteries