lower GI

Question 1

drugs to induce remission in IBD

Answer 1

aminosalicylates and steroids

Question 2

drugs for maintenance in IBD

Answer 2

aminosalicylates and thiopurines

Question 3

drugs for refractory disease in IBD

Answer 3

cyclosporine and infliximab

Question 4

MOA of aminosalicylates

Answer 4

block arachidonic acid metabolism to decrease inflammation

Question 5

need to avoid sulfasalazine if what 2 allergies

Answer 5

sulfa or aspirin

Question 6

need to avoid melamine if what allergy

Answer 6

aspirin

Question 7

unique ADR of aminosalicylates

Answer 7

bone marrow suppression

Question 8

MOA of thiopurines

Answer 8

inhibit purine synthesis and induce apoptosis of T cells

Question 9

2 agents in thiopurine class

Answer 9

azathioprine and 6-MP

Question 10

ADR of thiopurines

Answer 10

neutropenia and bone marrow suppression

Question 11

MOA of cyclosporine

Answer 11

inhibits calcineurin to interfere with T cell transduction

Question 12

ADR of cyclosporine

Answer 12

nephrotoxic
neurotoxic
hypertension

Question 13

ADR of infliximab

Answer 13

reactivation of TB or HBV, leukemia, lymphoma

Question 14

ability of methotrexate to do what is why they are useful in crohn’s disease

Answer 14

reduces IL production

Question 15

which type of laxative “stimulates the natural mechanism”

Answer 15

bulking agents- soluble fiber

Question 16

MOA of stool softener

Answer 16

anionic surfactant that facilitates mixing of aqueous and fatty substances

Question 17

role of stool softener

Answer 17

used only for prophylaxis

Question 18

type of laxative used for acute evacuation

Answer 18

saline osmotic laxatives (magnesium, phosphate)

Question 19

drug of choice for opioid induced constipation

Answer 19

anthraquinones (senna)

Question 20

MOA of lubiprostone and linaclotide

Answer 20

increase intraluminal fluid and subsequent bowel movements by increasing secretion of Chloride and bicarbonate ions

Question 21

m/c and efective OTC agent for diarrhea

Answer 21

loperamide

Question 22

lomotil =

Answer 22

diphenoxylate + atropine

Question 23

how does bismuth subsalicylate treat diarrhea

Answer 23

antisecretory

Question 24

MOA of antispasmodics

Answer 24

induce smooth mm relaxation via anticholinergic effects

Question 25

MOA of TCAs for diarrhea

Answer 25

strong anticholinergic effects

Question 26

MOA of alosteron

Answer 26

5HT3 antagonist

Question 27

black box warning for alosteron

Answer 27

ischemic colitis

Question 28

ideal mix for ORS

Answer 28

low glucose, moderate Na