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List of Muscles > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Superior two-thirds of the Iliac fossa, Iliac crest, Anterior sacroiliac and Iliolumbar ligaments, Ala of sacrum
Insertion: Tendon of the Psoas Major, Body of the Femur
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral Nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L3
Function: Flexion of the hip

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2
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin: Sides of the vertebral bodies and corresponding IV discs of T12-L5 and transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: N/A
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Unilateral Action- Flexion of the hip
Bilateral Action- With the thigh fixed, the Psoas major flexes the trunk

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3
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Posterior gluteal line of the ilium, Iliac crest, Dorsum of the sacrum and coccyx, Sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Extension and lateral rotation of the hip

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4
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin: Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Abduction and Medial rotation of the hip

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5
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin: Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Abduction and Medial rotation of the hip

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6
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Proximal aspect of the medial surface of the tibia
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Extension of the hip, Flexion and Medial rotation of the knee

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7
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of the tibia
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Extension of the hip, Flexion and Medial rotation of the knee

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8
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Origin: Long Head- Ischial tuberosity
Short Head- Lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur and the lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: Lateral aspect of the head of the fibula
Peripheral Nerve: Long Head- Tibial portion of the sciatic nerve
Short Head- Peroneal portion of the sciatic nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Extension of the hip, Flexion and Lateral rotation of the knee

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9
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract approximately one-third down the thigh
Peripheral Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Abduction, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the hip; Extension of the knee

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10
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

Origin: Inferior rami of the pubis and ischium, Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: A line from the greater trochanter to the linea aspera of the femur, Linea aspera of the femur, Adductor tubercle, Medial supracondylar line of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator and sciatic nerves
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction of the hip; Upper portion of the muscle assists in hip flexion, Lower portion assists in hip extension

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11
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin: Anterior aspect of the pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera along the middle third of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction and Flexion of the hip

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12
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: A line from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera, Upper portion of the linea aspera
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Adduction, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the hip

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13
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Pectineal line of the pubis
Insertion: A line from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Aduction, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the hip

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14
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Body and ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Proximal aspect of the medial surface of the tibia
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L3
Function: Adduction of the hip, Flexion, and Medial rotation of the knee

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15
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of the sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: N/A
Nerve Root: S1-S2
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip

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16
Q

Gemellus Superior

A

Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the obturator internus
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip

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17
Q

Gemellus Inferior

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the quadratus femoris
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip

18
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin: Obturator membrane and foramen, Inner surface of the pelvis, Inferior rami of the pubis and ischium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the obturator internus
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip, Abduction of the flexed hip

19
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Origin: Rami of the pubis and ischium, Outer surface of the obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Obturator nerve
Nerve Root: L4-L5
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip

20
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Origin: Iscial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of the femur
Peripheral Nerve: Nerve to the quadratus femoris
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Lateral rotation of the hip

21
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine, Upper aspect of the iliac notch
Insertion: Proximal aspect of the medial surface of the tibia
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral Nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L3
Function: Flexion, Abduction, and Lateral rotation of the hip and flexion of the knee

22
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, Groove above the posterior brim of the acetabulum
Insertion: Base of the patella via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Extension of the knee, Flexion of the hip

23
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Origin: Greater trochanter of the femur, Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera, Gluteal tuberosity
Insertion: Lateral border of the patella and via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Extension of the knee

24
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, Linea aspera, Medial supracondylar line of the femur
Insertion: Medial border of the patella and via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Extension of the knee

25
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of the upper two-thirds of the body of the femur
Insertion: Base of the patella and via the ligamentum patellae into the tibial tuberosity
Peripheral Nerve: Femoral nerve
Nerve Root: L2-L4
Function: Extension of the knee

26
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: Medial Head- Medial condyle and Adjacent popliteal surface of the femur
Lateral Head- Lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion: Via the tendon calcaneus into the posterior surface of the calcaneus
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve
Nerve Root: S1-S2
Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle, flexion of the knee

27
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of the head and Proximal third of the body of the fibula, Soleal line and Middle third of the medial border of the tibia
Insertion: Via the tendon calcaneus into the posterior surface of the calcaneus
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve
Nerve Root: S1-S2
Function: Plantar flexion of the ankle

28
Q

Popliteus

A 
Origin: 
Insertion: 
Peripheral Nerve: 
Nerve Root: 
Function:
29
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin: Lateral condyle and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the tibia, Interosseous membrane, Deep crural fossa
Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal, Medial and Plantar surfaces of the medial cuneiform bone
Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle, Inversion of the foot at the subtalar and midtarsal joints

30
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane, Posterior surface of the body of the tibia, Proximal two-thirds of the medial surface of the fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity of the Navicular bone, Cuboid bone, All three cuneiform bones, Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S1
Function: Inversion of the foot at the subtalar joint, Plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

31
Q

Peroneus Longus

A

Origin: Head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal, Lateral aspect of the medial cuneiform
Peripheral Nerve: Superficial peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint; Weak plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle

32
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A

Origin: Distal two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion: Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal
Peripheral Nerve: Superficial peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Eversion of the foot at the subtalar joint; Weak plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle

33
Q

Lumbricals (Foot)

A

Origin: Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Tendons of the extensor digitorum longus
Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar (first lumbrical) and Lateral plantar (lumbricals 2-4) nerves
Nerve Root: L5-S1 (first lumbrical), S2-S3 (lumbricals 2-4)
Function: Flexion at the MTP joints and extension at the IP joints of the lateral four toes

34
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin: Plantar surface of the cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones
Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe
Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S1
Function: Flexion at the MTP joint of the great toes

35
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S2
Function: Flexion at the IP joint of the great toe

36
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of the body of the tibia
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Peripheral Nerve: Tibial nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S1
Function: Flexion at the DIP and PIP joints of the lateral four toes

37
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin: Tuberosity of the calcaneus, Plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Sides of the middle phalanges of toes 2-5
Peripheral Nerve: Medial plantar nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S1
Function: Flexion at the proximal IP joints of the lateral four toes

38
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: Lateral tibial condyle, Anterior surface of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsum of the middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Extension at the MTP joints of the lateral four toes

39
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin: Superior surface of the calcaneus, Lateral talocalcaneal ligament, Inferior extensor retinaculum
Insertion: Dorsal surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe, Lateral aspect of the extensor digitorum longus tendons of toes 2-4
Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L5-S1
Function: Extension at the MTP joint of toes 1-4

40
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin: Medial surface of the body of the fibula, Interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Peripheral Nerve: Deep peroneal nerve
Nerve Root: L4-S1
Function: Extension of the IP joint of the great toe

List of Muscles (12 decks)

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