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List of Muscles > All of the Muscles > Flashcards

All of the Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

External Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: By interdigitating slips from the external surfaces of the lower 8 ribs
Insertion: abdominal aponeurosis, anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 7-12
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the opposite side

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2
Q

Internal Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the middle lip of the iliac crest, the lateral half of the inguinal ligament
Insertion: Inferior aspect of the costal cartilages of the last 3-4 ribs, via aponeurosis into the rectus sheath, pectineal line of the pubic bone
Nerve: Intercostal nerves 8-12, Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve
Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the vertebral column
Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column toward the same side

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3
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: Short Head- Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head- Supraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula
Insertion: Tuberosity of the Radius
Peripheral Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Flexion of the elbow (palm up), Supination of the forearm, and assists in Flexion of the shoulder

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4
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: Distal half of the anterior aspect of the humeral shaft and Medial and Lateral intermuscular septa
Insertion: Tuberosity and Coronoid process of the ulna
Peripheral Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Flexion of the elbow (palm down)

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5
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Upper two-thirds of the lateral Supercondylar ridge of the humerus and Lateral intermuscular septa
Insertion: Styloid process of the radius
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Flexion of the elbow (forearm neutral)

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6
Q

Coroacobrachialis

A

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Medial aspect of the middle third of the shaft of the humerus
Peripheral Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Flexion and adduction of the shoulder joint

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7
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, Scaphoid, and Trapezium
Insertion: Radiale side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Abduction of the CMC and MCP joints of the thumb

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8
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: Posterior surfaces of the ulna and radius and Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Radial side of the base of the first metacarpal bone
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Abduction and Extension of the CMC joint of the thumb and Assists in Abduction (radial deviation) and Flexion of the wrist

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9
Q

Posterior Deltoid

A

Origin: Inferior Aspect of the spine of the scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Peripheral Nerve: Axillary Nerve
Nerve Root: C5-C6
Function: Extension of the shoulder

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10
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, Common extensor tendon, and Radial collateral ligament of the elbow
Insertion: Base of the third metacarpal bone
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Extension and Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist

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11
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and the common extensor tendon
Insertion: Base of the second metacarpal bone
Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Extension and Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist and Assists in Extension of the elbow

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12
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon and the Dorsal border of the ulna
Insertion: Base of the fifth metacarpal
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension and Adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist

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13
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon and Intermuscular septum
Insertion: Extensor hood on the dorsum of the proximal phalanx of digit 5
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension of digit 5 and Assists in Extension of the wrist

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14
Q

Adductor Pollicis

A

Origin: Oblique Head- Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium, and Metacarpals 1-4
Transverse Head- Palmar surface of the 3rd metacarpal bone
Insertion: Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Adduction of the thumb

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15
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Origin: Posterior surface of the ulna and Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Extensor hood of the index finger
Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension of the index finger and Assists in Extension of the wrist

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16
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common forearm flexor tendon and the Antebrachial fascia
Insertion: Base of the second and third metacarpals
Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C7
Function: Flexion and Abduction (radial deviation) of the wrist

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17
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Origin: Humeral Head- Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common forearm flexor tendon
Ulnar Head- Upper two-thirds of the posterior border of the ulna
Insertion: Pisiform bone
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Flexion and Adduction (ulnar deviation) of the wrist

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18
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin: Upper three-fourths of the ulna, Coronoid process of the ulna, and Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Base of the DIP of digits 2-5
Peripheral Nerve: Median and Ulnar Nerves
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Flexion of the DIP joints of digits 2-5 and Assists in Flexion of the PIP and MCP joints of the dig

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19
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin: Humeroulnar Head- Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon, Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow, and Coronoid process of the ulna
Radial Head- Anterior surface of the radius
Insertion: Via two slips into the sides of the middle phalanxes of digits 2-5
Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve
Nerve Root: C7-T1
Function: Flexion of the PIP joints of digits 2-5 and Assists in Flexion of the MCP joints of the digits 2-5 and the wrist

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20
Q

Buccinator

A

Origin: Alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, opposite three molar teeth; Pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Angle of the lips
Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Function: Compresses the cheek

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21
Q

Dorsal Interossei (Hand)

A

Origin: By two heads from adjacent metacarpal bones
Insertion: Radial side of the proximal phalanxes and the extensor hoods of the 2nd and 3rd digit and Ulnar side of the proximal phalanx and extensor hood of the 4th digit
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Abduction and Flexion of MCP joints 2, 3, 4 and Extension of the PIP and DIP joints of digits 2, 3, 4

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22
Q

Palmar Interossei (Hand)

A

Origin: Palmar surface of metacarpal bones 2 (ulnar side), 4 (radial side), and 5 (radial side)
Insertion: 2nd extensor hood (ulnar side), 4th extensor hood (radial side), and 5th extensor hood (radial side)
Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Nerve Root: C8-T1
Function: Adduction and flexion of digits 2, 4, 5 and Extension of the PIP and DIP joints of digits 2, 4, 5

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23
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar, and T7-T12 and the Suprasinal ligament via the thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower 3/4 ribs
Insertion: Floor of the Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Peripheral Nerve: Thoracodorsal Nerve
Nerve Root: C6-C8
Function: Extension, Adduction, and Medial rotation of the shoulder

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24
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the root of the scapular spine
Peripheral Nerve: Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Nerve Root: C3, C4, C5
Function: Scapular Elevation, Adduction, and Downward Rotation

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25
Corugator Supercilii
Origin: Medial aspect of the superciliary arch Insertion: Skin of the medial half of the eyebrow Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the eyebrows medially
26
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and Hook of the hamate Insertion: Ulnar side of the 5th metacarpal Peripheral Nerve: Ulnar Nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function:Opposition at the CMC of the 5th digit
27
Opponens Pollicis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and Trapezium Insertion: Radial side of the 1st Metacarpal Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Opposition at the CMC joint of the thumb
28
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Clavicular Head- Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle Sternocostal Head- Anterior surface of the sternum, Cartilage of ribs 1-7, and Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Medial and Lateral pectoral Nerves Nerve Root: C5-C8, T1 Function: Adduction and Medial rotation of the shoulder Clavicular Head- Flexion and Horizontal adduction of the shoulder Sternocostal Head- Extension of the shoulder from a flexed position
29
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Anterior Aspect of the distal fourth of the ulna Insertion: Anterior aspect of the distal fourth of the radius Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Pronation of the forearm
30
Pronator Teres
Origin: Humeral Head- Medial epicondylar ridge of the humerus and the common forearm flexor tendon Ulnar Head- Coronoid process of the ulna Insertion: Lateral surface of the midshaft of the radius Peripheral Nerve: Median Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C7 Function: Pronation of the forearm and Assists in Flexion of the Elbow
31
Depressor Anguli Oris
Origin: Oblique line of the mandible Insertion: Angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Depresses the angle of the mouth
32
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Origin: Oblique line of the mandible Insertion: Skin of the lower lip Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Depresses the angle of the mouth
33
Serratus Anterior
Origin: Anterosuperior aspect of the upper 8/9 ribs Insertion: Anterior surface of the vertebral border of the scapula Peripheral Nerve: Long Thoracic Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C7 Function: Scapular abduction and Upward rotation of the scapula
34
Subscapularis
Peripheral Nerve: Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Medial Rotation of the shoulder
35
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, Supinator crest of the ulna, Radial collateral ligament of the elbow, and Annular ligament of the radius Insertion: Tuberosity and oblique line of the radius and the Dorsolateral surface of the upper third of the radial shaft Peripheral Nerve: Deep branch of the Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C6 Function: Supination of the forearm
36
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater Tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5 Function: Abduction and Lateral rotation of the shoulder
37
Teres Major
Origin: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion: Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Lower Subscapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Adduction, Extension, and Medial rotation of the shoulder
38
Teres Minor
Origin: Superior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the axillary border of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Axillary Nerve Nerve Root: C5 Function: Lateral Rotation of the shoulder
39
Extensor Digitorum (Hand)
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon and Antebrachial fascia Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 via the extensor hood Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C8 Function: Extension of digits 2-5 and Assists in Extension of the wrist
40
Middle Trapezius
Origin: Spinous processes of Thoracic vertebrae 1-5 and the intervening supraspinal ligament Insertion: Medial border of the acromion process of the scapula and The spine of the scapula Peripheral Nerve: Spinal portion of the Accessory Nerve (CN XI) Nerve Root: C1-C5 Function: Scapular Adduction
41
Upper Trapezius
Origin: External occipital protuberance, Medial third of the superior nuchal line, Ligamentum nuchae, and Spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra Insertion: Lateral third of the Clavicle Peripheral Nerve: Spinal portion of the Accessory Nerve (CN XI) Nerve Root: C1-C5 Function: Scapular elevation and Upward Rotation of the scapula
42
Triceps Brachii
Origin: Long Head- Infraglenoid Tuberosity of the scapula Lateral Head- Posterior and Lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft Medial Head- Posterior and Medial surfaces of the humeral shaft Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C7-C8 Function: Extension of the elbow and the long head assists in Extending the shoulder
43
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Posterior aspect of the radius and Interosseus membrane Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C7 Function: Extension of the MCP and Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints of the thumb
44
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Dorsolateral surface of the ulna and Interosseus membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Peripheral Nerve: Deep Radial Nerve Nerve Root: C6-C8 Function: Extension of the IP joint of the thumb and Assists in Extension of the MCP and CMC joints of the thumb
45
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium, Trapezoid, and Capitate bones Insertion: Radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb Peripheral Nerve: Median and Ulnar Nerves Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Flexion of the MCP joint of the thumb
46
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin: Anterior Aspect of the radius, Coronoid process of the ulna, and Interosseus membrane Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Peripheral Nerve: Anterior Interosseus (median) Nerve Nerve Root: C8-T1 Function: Flexion of the IP joint of the thumb and Assists in Flexion of the MCP joint of the thumb
47
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Origin: Angles of ribs 3-6 Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
48
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Origin: Common erector spinae tendon from the median sacral crest, spinous processes of all lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae, dorsum of the iliac crests, lateral crest of the sacrum, sacrotuberous, and posterior sacroiliac ligaments Insertion: Angles of the last 7 ribs Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column; elevation of the pelvis
49
Iliocostalis Thoracis
Origin: Angles of ribs 7-12 Insertion: Angles of ribs 1-6; Transverse process of C7 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the vertebral column
50
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus Peripheral Nerve: Suprascapular Nerve Nerve Root: C5-C6 Function: Lateral Rotation of the Shoulder
51
Levator Anguli Oris
Origin: Canine fossa of the maxilla Insertion: Angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Elevates the angle of the mouth
52
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: Inferior margin of the orbit Insertion: Lateral half of the upper kip Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Raises the upper lip
53
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Origin: Flexor Retinaculum and hook of hamate bone Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger Peripheral Nerve: Nerve Root: Function: NPIHPIHIUHOIOIBOIUBSDOIHSOIDBSIDFIPSD
54
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the upper 4-5 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Transverse processes of C2-C6 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine
55
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Between tubercles and angles of the lower 9-10 ribs; transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
56
Longus Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone Nerve: First three cervical nerves. Function: Bilateral Action: Flexion of the head on the atlas; Flexion of the cervical spine Unilateral Action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
57
Longus Colli
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C5 and the anterolateral surface of C5-C7 and T1-T3 Insertion: Anterior arch of the atlas; Anterior surgave of C2-C4; Transverse processes of C5, C6 Nerve: Ventral Rami of C2-C6 Function: Bilateral Action: Flexion of the cervical spine Unilateral Action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
58
Masseter
Origin: Zygomatic process of the maxilla, zygomatic arch Insertion: Angle and lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible, coronoid process of the mandible Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) Function: Elevation of the mandible (closes the jaw); Assists in mandibular protraction
59
Mentalis
Origin: Incisive fossa of the mandible Insertion: Skin of the chin Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Raises and protrudes the lower lip; Wrinkles the skin of the chin
60
Multifidus
Origin: Posterior aspect of the sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, posterior sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of the lower 4 cervical vertebrae Insertion: Spinous processes of the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the vertebral column; rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side
61
Nasalis
Origin: Medial aspect of the maxilla Insertion: Aponeurosis of procerus and contralateral nasalis muscles, alar cartilage Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Dilates the nasal aperture
62
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Origin: Transverse process of the atlas Insertion: Occipital bone Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve Nerve Root: C1 Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head on the atlas Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the head on the atlas (minor)
63
Occipitofrontalis (Frontal Belly)
Origin: Gale aponeurotica Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows and root of the nose Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Elevates the eyebrows
64
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of the maxilla, medial palpebral ligament Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe, corrugator supercilii and frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle, skin of the eyebrow Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Closes the eye
65
Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Other facial muscles, primarily the buccinator, levator anguli oris, and depressor anguli oris; Maxilla; Septum of the nose; Mandible Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane surrounding the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Approximates and protrudes the lips
66
Platysma
Origin: Fascia covering the deltoid and pectoralis Insertion: Mandible, skin of the lower part of the face Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the lower lip and corner of the mouth laterally and inferiorly
67
Procerus
Origin: Lateral nasal cartilage and lower part of the nasal bone Insertion: Skin over the lower part of the forehead between the two eyebrows Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the medial angle of the eyebrows down
68
Lateral Pterygoid
Origin: Upper head: Infratemporal crest and the lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Inferior head: Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate Insertion: Anterior aspect of the neck of the mandibular condyle and the anterior aspect of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) Function: Protracts and depresses the mandible (opens the jaw)
69
Medial Pterygoid
Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, pyramidal process of the palatine bone, tuberosity of the maxilla Insertion: Medial surface of the ramus and the angle of the mandible Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) Function: Bilateral action: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw Unilateral action: Protracts and deviates the mandible to the opposite side
70
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin: Iliac crest, Iliolumbar ligament Insertion: Transverse processes of L2-L4; Inferior border of rib 12 Nerve: 12th thoracic and upper 3-4 lumbar nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the lumbar spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine; elevation of the pelvis
71
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: Pubis crest and symphysis pubis Insertion: Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7; Xiphoid process Nerve: Intercostal nerves 7-12 Function: Flexion of the vertebral column, particularly the lumbar spine
72
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Origin: Lateral aspect and transverse process of the atlas Insertion: Basilar part of the occipital bone Nerve: Ventral rami of C1, C2 Function: Flexion of the head on the atlas
73
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Origin: Spinous process of the axis Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone (the lateral aspect) Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve Nerve Root: C1 Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head on the atlas Unilateral action: Rotation of the upper cervical spine
74
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Origin: Posterior tubercle of the axis Insertion: Inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone (the medial aspect Peripheral Nerve: Suboccipital nerve Nerve Root: C1 Function: Extension of the head on the atlas
75
Risorius
Origin: Parotid fascia overlying the masseter muscle Insertion: Skin of the angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Retracts the angle of the mouth
76
Anterior Scalene
Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 Insertion: Upper surface of the first rib Nerve: Ventral rami of C5, C6 Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
77
Semispinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6 Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the first 6 cervical nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
78
Semispinalis Cervicis
Origin: Transverse processes of the first 5-6 thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Spinous processes if the first 5 cervical vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the lower 3 cranial nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and the cervical spine Unilateral action: Rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
79
Semispinalis Thoracis
Origin: Transverse processes of T6-T10 Insertion: Spinous processes C6-T4 Nerve: Dorsal primary rami T1-T6 Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the vertebral column Unilateral action: Rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side
80
Spinalis Capitis
Origin: Transverse processes of the 7th cervical and the first 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of C4-C6 Insertion: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Extension of the cervical spine
81
Spinalis Cervicis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1, T2 Insertion: Spinous process of the axis Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Extension of the cervical spine
82
Spinalis Thoracis
Origin: Spinous processes of T11-L2 Insertion: Spinous processes of the upper 4-8 thoracic vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves Function: Extension of the vertebral column
83
Splenius Capitis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1-T3 Insertion: Lateral aspect of the superior nuchal line and the mastoid process Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the middle cervical nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the head and cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
84
Splenius Cervicis
Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6 Insertion: Transverse processes of the upper 2-3 cervical vertebrae Nerve: Dorsal primary rami of the lower cervical nerves Function: Bilateral action: Extension of the cervical spine Unilateral action: Lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine to the same side
85
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Sternal head: Anterior aspect of the manubrium of the sternum Clavicular head: Medial third of the clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of the skull Peripheral Nerve: Accessory nerve (CN XI) Nerve Root: Ventral rami of C2, C3 Function: Bilateral action: Flexion of the cervical spine; in the absence of cervical vertebral stabilizers, it extends the head on the atlas Unilateral action: Lateral flexion of the cervical spine to the same side; rotation of the cervical spine to the opposite side
86
Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa of the skull Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of the mandible Nerve: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) Function: Retracts and elevates the mandible (closes the jaw)
87
Zygomaticus Major
Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: Angle of the mouth Nerve: Facial nerve (CN VII) Function: Draws the angle of the mouth upward and backward as in smiling or laughing

List of Muscles (12 decks)

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